玉树州畜种畜群结构调查与对策初探  

Preliminary Study and Analysis of Livestock Breed and Structure in Yushu Prefecture

作　　者：宋仁德 汪永洲 李国梅 牛永娟 贺顺忠 

机构地区：[1]玉树州畜牧兽医工作站,青海玉树815099 [2]杂多县畜牧兽医工作站,青海杂多815300 [3]玉树州草原工作站,青海玉树815099

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2014年第2期53-57,共5页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：青海省科技厅重点科技攻关项目(2008-N-117);现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-38);科技部农业科技成果转化资金重大项目(2010GB2G200505)

摘　　要：为给玉树藏族自治州畜牧业的良性发展和生态保护决策提供依据,对全州6县557户牧户进行了饲养户数、人口数、家畜(畜种、年龄、性别)数进行了入户调查。结果表明:调查涉及人口3260人,牦牛34407头,藏羊11557只,马522匹;各畜种中牦牛饲养比例最高为74.02%,其次为藏羊占24.86%,马1.12%;全州调查牧户均饲养牦牛,户均养殖牦牛61.77头/户,人均养殖牦牛10.55头/人,其中只有29.62%的牧户兼养羊,户均养殖养羊头数为70只/户。3.5岁以下的育成牦牛在畜群中的比例为57.70%,成年牦牛占的比例为42.40%;母牛比例为58.09%,能繁殖母牛比例为34.66%,3.5岁以下的母牦牛在畜群中30.55%;种公牦牛比例为3.01%,3.5岁以下的公牦牛在畜群中占27.37%,4岁以上去势公牦牛比例高达11.53%;全州适龄母牦牛繁殖成活率为41.21%。牧户饲养的藏羊中,适繁母羊占群体数的39.09%,当年繁殖羔羊占群体数的23.55%,育成羊占群体数的21.06%,成年羊占55.39%,适龄母羊繁殖成活率60.29%。全州适龄母畜比例低,畜群结构极不合理,家畜繁殖成活率过低;应加大调整畜群结构力度,提高适龄母畜比例,提倡犊牛及周岁牛的育肥及秋季出栏,加快畜群周转。In order to provide basic data for animal science development and ecological conservation in Yushu prefecture,the livestock breed structure,population structure and the number of livestock in 557 farming families of 6 counties in Yushu prefecture were investigated.3260 persons,34407 Yaks,11557 Tibetan sheep,and 522 horses were covered in the investigatior.The result showed that yak enjoyed the highest proportion in livestock （74.02％） followed by sheep （24.86％）.Horse had the least proportion （1.12％）.Yak was raised in every herding household in Yushu Drefecture.Every herding household raised 61.77 yaks,i.e.10.55 yaks per person.29.62％ of raisers kept both yaks and sheep （70 Tibetan sheep per household）.Yaks under 3.5 year-old took up 57.7％ of all Yak breed,and adult yaks accounted for 42.4％ of all yak breed.Cow took up 58.08％,possibly reproducing 34.66 ％ cows.30.55 ％ female yaks were under 3.5 year-old.The proportion of bull yak was 3.01％.Male yak under 3.5 year-old took up 27.37％ and gibbed male yak over 4 year-old 11.53 ％ in yak breed.The survival rate of reproduction was 41.21％.Reproductive female Tibetan sheep in season took up 39.09％ of the breed,lamb accounted for 23.55％,young Tibetan sheep 21.06％,and adult Tibetan sheep 55.39％.The survival rate of reproduction was 60.29 ％ in Yushu prefecture.The investigation results showed that the livestock structure was poor,the proportion of reproductive female livestock in season and survival rate of reproduction were both low in Yushu prefecture.It was suggested that the rate of reproductive female livestock in season should be improved and structure being adjusted.Calf and one-year-old yak were fattened and slaughtered in autumn so as to accelerate the cycle of livestock.

关 键 词：畜种结构 畜群结构 牦牛 母畜比例 玉树州 

分 类 号：S811.6[农业科学—畜牧学]