休闲期深翻覆盖对旱地小麦土壤水分运行及产量与品质形成的影响  

Effect of deep plowing and plastic film mulching in fallow period on soil water storage and wheat grain yield and quality

作　　者：崔凯[1] 高志强[1] 孙敏[1] 赵维峰[1] 邓妍[1] 李青[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第2期78-84,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24);公益性行业科研专项(200903007-10);国家自然科学基金(31101112);山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2009037);山西省青年基金(2010021028-3)

摘　　要：为充分利用休闲期自然降水，提高旱地麦田土壤的蓄水保墒能力，达到“伏雨春用”的目的，本研究在山西闻喜县旱地麦田将休闲期耕作与覆盖相结合，采用大田试验方法研究了前茬小麦收获后15d 或45d 进行深翻，而后立即采取渗水地膜或液态地膜覆盖对旱地小麦土壤水分、产量及其构成、品质形成的影响效果，试图探索旱地小麦蓄水保墒技术新途径。结果表明，前茬小麦收获后45 d 深翻较15 d 可显著提高麦收后65 d 至孕穗期100～300 cm 土壤蓄水量，可显著提高播前至孕穗期0～300 cm 总土壤蓄水量，且覆盖的蓄水效果可延续至开花期，以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。前茬小麦收获后45 d 深翻覆盖较15 d 可显著提高穗数、产量、籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量，且以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。此外，播前80～200 cm 土壤蓄水量与穗数、产量显著相关；播前和开花期120～300 cm 土壤蓄水量与籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量显著相关，播前80～280 cm 、开花期40～60 cm 、100 cm 、240～300 cm 土壤蓄水量与谷醇比显著相关。总之，休闲期等雨后深翻并采用渗水地膜覆盖有利于提高旱地小麦土壤蓄水量，达到伏雨春用的目的；有利于优化产量结构，提高产量；有利于提高籽粒蛋白质品质，实现优质。In order to utilize precipitation in fallow period ,and preserve soil water ,a field experiment was carried out to study effect on soil water storage ,yield ,and quality formation of two treatments using water-permeability plastic membrane （WPM） and liquid film （LM） after deep plowing in fallow period in Wenxi of Shanxi Province ,with the aim of exploring an effective way of preserving the soil moisture in dryland wheat .Results showed that the combination of deep plowing and plastic film mulching increased 100 ~ 300 cm soil water storage until booting stage .It added 0 ~ 300 cm total water storage from pre-sowing to booting stage ,and this promoting effect of storing water lasted until flowering stage ,with WPM being better than other treatments .Spike number ,actual yield ,and grain protein content increased significantly at 45 d after harvest in fallow period .Furthermore ,80 ~ 200 cm in pre-sowing water storage was related to spike number and grain yield .120 ~ 300 cm water storage in pre-sowing and anthesis was related to grain protein content and yield .In conclusion ,deep plowing in combination with WPM in fallow period had marked effect on water storage preservation ,thereby increasing wheat yield and quality .

关 键 词：旱地小麦 休闲期 深翻覆盖 水分 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]