不同互花米草治理措施对植物与大型底栖动物的影响  

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ERADICATION MEASURES FOR CONTROLLING SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA ON PLANTS AND MACROBENTHIC INVERTEBRATES

作　　者：盛强[1] 黄铭垚[1] 汤臣栋 钮栋梁 马强 吴纪华[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200433 [2]上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区管理处,上海202183

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2014年第2期279-290,共12页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB430404);上海市科学技术委员会项目(12231204700;10dz1200700);国家科技支撑计划(2010BAK69B14)资助

摘　　要：治理外来入侵植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)对保护河口湿地鸟类栖息地及生物多样性具有重要意义。研究在崇明东滩比较了"淹水刈割"、"反复刈割"及"化学除草"三种措施对大面积互花米草的治理效果及其对大型底栖动物与土著植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)的影响。结果表明,反复刈割措施对互花米草生长具有一定的控制作用,对底栖动物群落的影响较小;使用化学除草剂清除互花米草的效果不明显,对底栖动物群落的影响亦不明显;淹水刈割措施能长期有效地清除互花米草,但长期淹水对底栖动物群落的影响较大,同时亦对芦苇生长造成一定负面影响。因此,淹水刈割可能是在河口生态系统治理大面积互花米草最有效的方法,但是在后续管理中需要采取一定的措施来减小对底栖动物及土著植物的影响。Finding optimal control strategies for invasive plant Spartina alterniflora are important for the conservation of bird habitats and local biodiversity in estuarine wetland ecosystems. The purpose of the current study was to assess effectiveness of the eradication of 3 different measures including‘waterlogging plus mowing’,‘repeated mowing’, and‘herbicide’ on large-area S. alterniflora communities at Chongming Dongtan. The effects of these measures on macro-benthos and reed were also evaluated. We observed that repeated mowing reduced the stem height of S. alterniflora but did not eradicate the invasive plant. The application of chemical herbicides was unable to eradicate S. alterniflora. Both repeated mowing and herbicide application measures had no significant impacts on macrobenthic invertebrates. Water-logging plus mowing was the most effective measure for removing S. alterniflora; however, it had negative influences on macrobenthic communities and native plant reed in the long-term. These data suggested that waterlogging with mowing was a feasible measure for eradicating large-area S. alterniflora at estuarine salt marshes; however the impact on native plants and macrobenthic fauna need to be minimized during the subsequent management.

关 键 词：互花米草 盐沼 大型底栖动物 入侵植物 清除措施 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]