页岩气产业全要素生产率分析——基于美国数据的实证研究  

Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of Shale Gas Industry : An Empirical Study based on U.S. Data

作　　者：高新伟[1] 包文祥 周材荣[1] 赵文娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《中外能源》2014年第3期23-27,共5页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(编号:ZR2012GM011);中国石油大学(华东)自主创新科研计划项目(编号:27R130636B);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:13CX05045B)的资助

摘　　要：页岩气开发尚处于起步阶段．具有初期投入高、产出周期长、投资回收慢的特点，页岩气开发公司在开采技术、生产规模和管理决策等方面面临重大挑战。运用BBC模型和DEA—Malmquist指数法，对2007—2011年美国以页岩气开采为主要业务的19家上市公司的生产效率进行分析，研究结果表明：美国页岩气公司技术效率呈现上升趋势，而纯技术效率是技术效率增长的主要贡献因素．规模效率出现一定波动，对技术效率产生了一定影响；不同规模的页岩气公司技术效率存在差异，公司规模越大，技术效率越高；样本期间内全要素生产率出现负增长，公司业绩的提升主要依靠粗放型的规模扩张来实现，而非通过集约型的生产率提升来实现，纯技术效率每年呈现不同程度的提高，规模效率呈现上升态势，只有技术进步值偏低，影响了全要素生产率的进一步提高，因此必须大力推进技术创新，提高技术进步对全要素生产率的贡献率。我国页岩气产业的发展应提倡规模经济，鼓励公司通过内部扩张和外部重组获取规模经济．同时要注重进一步提升管理水平，最重要的是提高企业技术创新能力。Shale gas development is still in its infancy ,which is characterized by high initial capital invest- ment,long input-output period,and long investment recovery period.Shale gas developers are facing great chal- lenges in a range of areas such as production technology, making.Based on the BBC model and the DEA-Malmquist scale of production,and management and decision index method,the article analyzes the productivi- ties of 19 publicly listed companies focusing on shale gas production in the United States during 2007 to 2011.The study shows that the technical efficiency of American shale gas companies is increasing and that the pure technical efficiency has contributed most to the growth in technical efficiency.The scale efficiency fluctuated slightly,which had an impact on the technical efficiency.Different sizes of shale gas companies have different technical efficiencies.The bigger a company is,the higher technical efficiency it has.During the sample period,the total factor productivities experienced declines and the companies primarily relied on exten- sive scale expansion,instead of intensive productivity enhancement,to improve their results.The pure technical efficiencies improved to different extents each year,the scale efficiencies were on the increase,and only the value of technical advancement was lower than normal, and this has hindered the further improvement of total factor productivities.For this reason,technological innovation must he strengthened to increase the contribution of technical advancement to the total factor productivity.China should push scale economy in developing its shale gas industry and encourage enterprises to achieve scale economy by means of internal expansion and external restrncturing.In addition,China should continue to improve the industry＇s level of management and most importantly, enterprises must improve their technical innovation ability.

关 键 词：页岩气 全要素生产率 技术效率 纯技术效率 规模效率 DEA-MALMQUIST 指数法 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济] F224