我国优秀短距离速滑运动员直道滑冰腿部肌肉肌电特征研究  

Excellent Speed Skating Athletes' EMG Characteristics of Leg Muscle in the Straight Skating

作　　者：李芙蓉[1] 陈月亮[1] 吴新炎[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北理工学院体育部,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2014年第1期14-18,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(项目编号:2009BAK57B05);国家体育总局奥运公关项目(项目编号:2012A022)

摘　　要：运用表面肌电和高速摄影同步技术,结合功能解剖学,分析短距离运动员直道滑冰单步周期腿部肌电特征。结果:(1)左腿振幅峰值前4的肌肉依次是股内肌、股外肌、胫骨前肌和腓肠肌,右腿振幅峰值前4的肌肉依次是股内肌、胫骨前肌、股外肌和腓肠肌,左、右腿振幅峰值最小的都是臀大肌;(2)单步周期腿部肌肉有效放电时间最长的都是胫骨前肌,最短的都是臀大肌;(3)单步周期腿部肌肉贡献度最大的肌肉依次是股内肌、胫骨前肌和股外肌。结论:(1)单步周期腿部肌肉振幅峰值都出现在蹬冰期,股四头肌和股后肌群在重心转移和蹬冰2个阶段都出现近似的振幅峰值,两者处于共激活状态,因此在训练实践中也要同步发展股后肌群力量;(2)单步周期中,股内肌、胫骨前肌和股外肌在腿部肌肉中有效放电时间最长、做功最大,在完成单步周期动作时作用最大,臀大肌有效放电时间最短,做功最小,在完成单步周期动作时作用最小,但在训练实践中,胫骨前肌的作用被低估,臀大肌的作用被高估;(3)运动员左、右腿单步周期动作模式一致,但摆动期左腿更主动,蹬冰期腿部肌肉的具体协调模式不同,在实践训练中设计练习方式时要注意左、右腿的差异。By using the methods of sEMG synchronized with high-speed photography and combining functional anatomical knowledge, the legs EMG fea- tures of the short distance athletes in the single-step cycle when they skate in the straight were analyzed. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The peak amplitude of the top four left leg muscles were the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis muscle, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle; the peak amplitude of the top four the right leg muscles were the femoral muscle, tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis; the left and the right leg amplitude peak minimum were the gluteus maximums muscle; （2） the longest time of the left and the right leg muscles effective discharge were the tibialis anterior muscle, the shortest were the gluteus maximums; （3） In the single-step cycle, the greatest contribution of the leg muscles of vastus were inner thigh muscle, followed by anterior tibial muscle and vastus lateralis. The conclusions were ： （ 1 ） The single-step cycle of the all leg muscles amplitude peak appeared in the tic glacial stage, in the gravity transfer stage and the tic glacial stage, the quadriceps femoris and the muscle group of back femoris showed similar amplitude peak and appeared co-activation phenomenon, therefore, in the training and the practice, should also be synchronous development the muscle group of back femoris; （2） In the single-step cycle, the vastus medialis, the tibialis anterior muscle and the vastus lateralis relative to the other leg muscles, their effectively discharging time was the longest, their work was the biggest and they completed the single-step cycle action role was also the largest; however, compared with the other leg muscles, the gluteus maximums effectively discharging time was shortest, the work was the smallest and completed the single-step cycle action role was lit- tle, however, the role of the tibialis anterior muscle was undervalued and the role of the gluteus was overvalued in the training and the

关 键 词：速度滑冰 直道滑冰 单步周期 振幅峰值 积分肌电 

分 类 号：G804.22[文化科学—运动人体科学]