胶州湾海域面积变化及原因探讨  

Oceanic Area Change and Contributing Factor of Jiaozhou Bay

作　　者：马立杰[1] 杨曦光[1,2] 祁雅莉 刘艳霞[1] 张金枝[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地理科学》2014年第3期365-369,共5页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201005010;200905004)资助

摘　　要：基于已有研究成果，利用地形图、海图和遥感影像等资料，提取1863-2012年共6个年代胶州湾海岸线位置，量算5期胶州湾海域面积变化量，制作各期胶州湾海域面积变化及不同开发利用方式面积分布图。研究结果表明：在过去近150a时间里，胶州湾海域面积减小41％，减小速率最大可达3．71kmZ／a；1863年以前，胶州湾海域面积变化完全受自然因素控制；1863～1935年，自然因素是主控因素；1935～2012年，人类活动是主控因素；1863～2012年，填海造陆等开发利用方式导致的胶州湾海域面积变化数量逐期增加。Based on previous results, using the topographic map, nautical chart and remote sensing data, six dif- ferent periods （1863, 1935, 1969, 1987, 2002 and 2012）coastline position of Jiaozhou Bay were extracted. Al- so, we calculated the area change of Jiaozhou Bay in these five periods and making chanegs of sea areas in dif- feretn periods and land area distribution map of different development and utilization types according to the way of the development and utilization. It is showed that, in the past 150 years, oceanic area of Jiaozhou Bay decreased by 41% from 578.5 km2 in 1863 to 343.09 km2 in 2012. In past 70 years, oceanic area of Jiaozhou Bay reduces sharply, and the rates are 3.08 km2/a, 2.78 km2/a, 3.71 km2/a and 1.68 km2/a, respectively. Oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 129.2 km2 and is controlled entirely by natural factor before 1863. Between 1863 and 1935, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 15.1 km：, and the main factor of area change is natural factor. Only 9.4% of the area change is due to human activities. In1935-1969, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 104.78 km2, and the area change caused by human activities is 87%. In 1969-1987, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 49.99 km2, and the area change caused by human activities is 89%. Between 1987 and 2002, Oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 55.62 km2, the area change due to human activities is 90%. Be- tween 2002 and 2012, oceanic area change of Jiaozhou Bay is 16.76 km2, and 99% of the area are caused by human activities. In 1935-2012, 93.89% of area change is caused by human activities, which is the main con- trolling factor. The way of development and utilization, such as sea reclamation, result in the area of Jiaozhou Bay increase in1863-2012. The maximum appears in 1987 to 2012 and the maximal area is 27.67 km2. In 1987-2002, land reclamation reaches the maximum scale; in 1935-1969, area of saltem achieves the largest. The impact of this way of development and utilization is devastating and irreversible.

关 键 词：胶州湾 海域面积变化 自然因素 人类活动 

分 类 号：P737.1[天文地球—海洋地质]