北京不同站点气象要素的日与月际变化特征分析  

Variation Characteristics Analysis of the Diurnal and Monthly Meteorological Elements at Different Stations in Beijing

作　　者：谢军飞[1,2] 许蕊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京市重点实验室,北京100102 [2]北京市园林科学研究所,北京100102

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2014年第1期20-28,共9页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31000320)资助

摘　　要：利用2010年北京市南郊观象台与门头沟自动气象站的逐时气象数据,研究分析了北京气温、土壤温度、风速和相对湿度的日与月际变化趋势特点。结果表明:1)虽然处于不同区域,但2个自动气象站所反映的气温、土壤温度、风速和相对湿度的日季变化特征基本一致。2)经过月平均化处理后,每个月中,气温日变化特征基本一致,均存在明显的正弦曲线变化,一天中含有一个峰值和谷值,气温高峰值出现在15:00-16:00,谷值则出现在06:00左右。气温高峰值不再出现在14:00的现象,可能与城市土地利用与人为活动有关。3)自动气象站点的气温月际变化基本呈高斯分布,7月份气温最高,1月份气温最低;且南郊观象台与门头沟自动气象站的月均气温的平均值差异不显著。4)浅层土壤温度的日变化特征与气温基本一致,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤温度的日变化曲线逐渐趋于平缓,深层土壤温度较稳定,日变化很小,接近于恒值。5)土壤温度月均值的最大值出现时间随深度增加而向后推移,浅层土壤最大值一般出现在7月,最小值一般出现在1月;地表温度变化幅度最大,达27.3℃。深层土壤温度最大值一般出现在8月,最小值一般出现在2月;80 cm变化幅度最小,只有6.9℃。6)南郊观象台和门头沟瞬时风速全年平均值分别为2.31 m/s、1.78 m/s,通常在14:00-18:00风速出现最大值。7)相对湿度最大值均出现在05:00-07:00,最小值均出现在12:00-15:00,日变化呈双峰型;月际变化为单峰双谷型;2010年南郊观象台和门头沟相对湿度全年平均值分别为51%、54%。The diurnal and monthly variation characteristics of air temperature, soil temperature, wind speed and relative humidity were analyzed by using the hourly data of Mentougou automatic weather stations and Beijing Southern Suburbs Observatory in 2010. The results are as follows. 1） The diurnal variation characteristics of air temperature, soil temperature, wind speed and relative humidity of Mentougou is basically same as those of Beijing Southern Suburbs Observatory. 2） By average monthly processing, the diurnal variation characteristics of air temperature are almost the same in each month and showed sinusoidal curve change clearly, it has nearly the shape of one peak and one vale in one day. The maximum air temperature occurred at 15 ：00-16 ：00, and the minimum air temperature occurred at about 06： 00. That the maximum air temperature no longer occurred at 14 ：00 may be related to urban land use and human activities. 3） The monthly variation of air temperature by using automatic weather stations was showed basically Gauss distribution, the lowest temperature is in January and the highest temperature is in July; there was no obvious difference of average monthly temperature between Mentougou and Beijing Southern Suburbs Observatory. 4） The diurnal variation of topsoil temperature was basically the same as the air temperature, with the increase of soil depth, the diurnal variation curve of soil temperature gradually changed to be steady, the deep soil temperature has very little diurnal variation, and keep a constant value. 5） The appearance time of the maximum average monthly soil lagged temperature with the increase of soil depth. The highest temperature of topsoil is in July, the lowest temperature is in January, the variation range of surface soil temperature is 27. 3 ℃ ; the highest temperature of deep soil is in August, the lowest temperature is in February, the variation range of soil temperature is 6.9 ℃ in 80 cm soil depth. 6） The annual mean value of instantaneous wind speed in Men

关 键 词：北京 气象要素 日变化 月际变化 

分 类 号：P413[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]