外向型发展如何提升我国本土企业生产率  

How Does Outward-oriented Development Promote Productivity of Indigenous Enterprises

作　　者：戴翔[1,2] 张雨[3] 郑江淮[3] 

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学国际经济贸易学院 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所 [3]南京大学经济学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2014年第3期45-53,共9页Statistical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"以全球价值链引导我国经济结构转型升级"(11AZD002);国家社科基金项目"非股权安排对中国企业海外投资的影响及政策研究"(12BGJ039);中国博士后科学基金面上项目"服务贸易发展促进长三角国际分工地位提升研究"(2013M530809);安徽省高等学校省级人文社科研究重大项目"增创安徽开放型经济新优势对策研究"(编号:SK2013ZD01);安徽省教育厅人文社会科学研究重点项目"安徽省外贸发展方式转变研究--基于服务贸易的视角"(SK2012A008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：出口贸易的快速发展和外资的大量利用,是我国外向型经济发展的突出特征。而在全球价值链分工模式下,我国本土企业无论是直接出口还是为外资企业配套,其实质都是参与全球生产的"流转"环节,是外向型发展的主要表现。本文利用我国昆山本土企业的调研数据,实证研究揭示:本土企业在为外资企业进行外向配套中存在着"自我选择"机制和"溢出效应"机制,连同"出口中学习效应",共同促进本土企业生产率的提升。这是中国外向型经济发展的实质。与西方学者关于企业外向型发展的"生产率决定论"相对应,本文补充验证了生产率提升在一定程度上是我国本土企业外向发展的"果"。此外,本文的计量结果还显示,在同群效应上,有迹象表明主营中间产品的企业生产率提升偏向于依赖技能型或高素质劳动力,而以投资品、消费品为主的企业生产率提升则较显著偏向于依赖管理人员的作用。Rapid expansion of China＇ s export and increasing inward FDI are the remarkable characteristics of China＇ s outward-oriented economy. Under GVC division, both export and establishing connections with FDI enterprises are all manifestation of participation in global production for local enterprises. Empirical analysis based on Micro-firm data reveals that, there is a self-selection mechanism in competing in establishing connections with FDI enterprises for indigenous enterprises, and this mechanism together with mechanism of learning by exporting, improve productivity of indigenous enterprises eventually. This can be summarized as the essence of China＇ s outward-oriented economic development. Complementing with theory that productivity determines enterprises＇ outward development, this paper test that improve of productivity is the consequence of enterprises＇ outward-oriented development to some extent. In addition, about the peer group effect, there is evidence that improvement of productivity for enterprises which mainly engaging in intermediates depends more on skilled or high quality labor, while enterprises which mainly engaging in capital products and consumable depends more on managerial staff.

关 键 词：外向型发展 生产率 外向配套 同群效应 

分 类 号：C812[社会学—统计学]