生草苹果园绣线菊蚜及其天敌发生规律研究  

The Occurrence Regularity of Aphis citricola and Its Natural Enemies in Grass Apple Orchard

作　　者：王淑会[1] 杨琼[1] 张文慧[1] 毛旭连 侯海霞[1] 杨田堂[2] 刘永杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]临沂大学生命科学学院,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第10期2945-2948,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划(2011GNC11016);山东省现代农业产业技术水果创新团队项目

摘　　要：[目的]探明苹果园不同牧草种类和种植方式对苹果绣线菊蚜及其天敌种群发生动态的影响。[方法]采用五点取样调查方法。[结果]与清耕园相比,生草园绣线菊蚜高峰期的发生量明显减少,其中紫花苜蓿区绣线菊蚜高峰期的发生量最少,不到清耕园绣线菊蚜种群数量的60%,其次为苜蓿-三叶草-黑麦草混合区和黑麦草区,分别为清耕园的67%和81%。果园中优势天敌为龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、中华通草蛉和蚜茧蜂,生草园较清耕园天敌数量明显增多。紫花苜蓿区苹果树上和苜蓿上优势天敌的数量均最大,混合区优势天敌的数量仅次于紫花苜蓿区。果园施药后,生草园和清耕园果树上天敌的死亡率相当,而生草上天敌的死亡率约是果树上天敌死亡率的一半。[结论]生草对天敌起到了有效的保护作用。[ Objective ] This paper studied the effect of different species of grass and different planting modes on population dynamics of Aphis citricola and their natural enemies in apple orchards. [ Method] The investigation method we used is sampling on five points. [ Result] Com- pared with clean tillage orchard, the peak population quantity of Aphis citricola decreased markedly in grass garden, among which the popula- tion quantity of Aphis citricola in alfalfa area was least, which was tess than 60% of clean tillage orchard, then the alfalfa-clover-ryegrass mix- ture area and the ryegrass area, which accounted for 67% and 81% of clean tillage orchard respectively. The dominant natural enemies in ap- ple orchards are Chrysoperla sinica, Harmonia axyridis, Propylaea japonica and aphidiidae, the population quantity of natural enemies in grass garden was significantly more than that in clean tillage orchard. The population quantity of natural enemies which were on the tree and in the alfalfa were all the largest, and mixed area was next only to alfalfa area. After spraying fruit trees, the mortality of natural enemies which were on the tree was very for grass garden and clean tillage, but the mortality of natural enemies which in the grass was about half of which on the trees. [ Conclusion] This dates showed that the grass played an effective role in the protection of natural enemies.

关 键 词：苹果园 生草 绣线菊蚜 天敌 发生规律 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]