苦瓜总皂苷对2型糖尿病大鼠降血糖作用机制的研究  

Hypoglycemic Mechanism of Total Saponins of Momordica Charantia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

作　　者：马春宇[1,2] 于洪宇[2] 王慧娇[2] 耿丽晶[2] 关洪全[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁中医药大学,辽宁沈阳110032 [2]辽宁医学院辽宁锦州

出　　处：《天津医药》2014年第4期321-324,共4页Tianjin Medical Journal

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅资助项目(项目编号:L2012305)

摘　　要：目的探讨苦瓜总皂苷对2型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖机制。方法取清洁级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机取8只作为正常对照组,其余的用高脂高糖饮食喂养8周后用小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)尾静脉注射建2型糖尿病大鼠模型。将合格的糖尿病模型大鼠40只分为模型组、二双胍组和3个剂量(100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg)苦瓜总皂苷组,每组8只。二甲双胍组每天给予二甲双胍50 mg/kg,苦瓜总皂苷100组、200组和400组:分别每天给予100、200和400 mg/kg苦瓜总皂苷,灌胃8周后分别测定大鼠空腹血糖、胰岛素,同时留取胰岛、肝脏和骨骼肌,分别用电镜、糖原染色和Western blot的方法观察胰岛β细胞结构、肝糖原和骨骼肌葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)表达量。结果给药8周后,与模型组比较,各苦瓜总皂苷组大鼠的空腹血糖和胰岛素值均显著降低,而骨骼肌GLUT4表达量显著增高,胰岛素分泌颗粒显著增加,肝脏糖原颗粒数量也明显增加。结论苦瓜总皂苷有降血糖作用,其机制主要包括促进肝糖原合成、抑制肝糖原分解以及通过外周组织GLUT4表达增强进而增加胰岛素敏感性等。Objective To observe the hypoglycemic mechanism of total saponins of Momordica charantia （MC） in type 2 diabetes mellitus （DM） rats. Methods Among the selected 60 male Specific Pathogen Free （SPF）rats, 8 were random- ly chosen as control group, while others were fed with high fat and high glucose diet following streptozotocin injection from caudal vein 8 weeks after to construct type 2 DM models. After the DM models were successfully built, rats were then ran- domized into five groups： DM control group （n=8）, the metformin group （n=8） and three groups of total saponins of MC with different dosage （n=8 in each group）. The total saponins of MC groups include DM rats administrated with total saponins of MC 100, 200, 400 mg/（kg＆#183;d） for 8 weeks, the metformin group include DM rats administrated with metformin 50 mg/（kg＆#183;d） for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the fasting blood glucose and insulin were examed. At the same time, a part of pan- creas islet, liver and skeletal muscle were preserved. The pancreas islet structure, the hepatic glycogen and Glucose trans- porter 4 （GLUT4） expression were observed by electron microscope, glycogen dyeing and immunoblot respectively. Results After 8 weeks treatment, compared to type 2 DM control group, fasting blood glucose and insulin values in MC groups were reduced more obviously. However, skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression level, insulin granules and hepatic glycogen increased obviously in MC groups. Conclusion Total saponins of MC has hypoglycemic effect. It’s mechanisms maybe include pro- moting the hepatic glycogen synthesis, inhibiting the hepatic glycogen decomposition and promoting insulin sensitivity by in- creasing peripheral tissue’s GLUT4 expression.

关 键 词：苦瓜 糖尿病 2型 血糖 胰岛素 葡萄糖转运体4型 苦瓜总皂苷 

分 类 号：R587.1[医药卫生—内分泌] R285.5[医药卫生—内科学]