1976～2012年可可西里乌兰乌拉湖面积和边界变化及其原因  

Variations of Lake Area and Boundary of Ulan Ul Lake in Hoh Xil Region during 1976-2012 and Their Reasons

作　　者：姜丽光[1,2] 姚治君[1] 刘兆飞[1] 王蕊 吴珊珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2014年第2期155-162,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(41190080);国家自然科学基金项目(41201035);科技部基础工作专项项目(2012FY111400)资助

摘　　要：高原湖泊对气候变化极为敏感，通过湖泊变化能够真实地反映气候变化状况。在地理信息系统和遥感技术支持下，基于多源、多时相的数字遥感影像、地形图和DEM数据，并结合其他相关研究文献资料，对乌兰乌拉湖37a来湖泊面积变化及其与自然要素（气温、降水量等）之间的关系进行了研究，并从湖泊补给的构成角度分析了其变化原因。结果表明，自1976--2012年期间，乌兰乌拉湖范围总体上有所扩张，期间经历了先萎缩、后扩张的过程。1976年乌兰乌拉湖的面积为555．97km2，1994年其面积为496．50km2，这期间湖泊在逐年萎缩，递减幅度为3．12km2／a；从1998年开始，湖泊面积开始迅速扩大，1998年湖泊面积为499．83km2，到2012年湖泊面积达655．25km2，扩张速率为10．36km2／a。乌兰乌拉湖水域面积变化主要集中在湖的南部河流入湖口处。1976--2012年期间，乌兰乌拉湖流域的年降水量增加，年平均气温升高。1998年以来，乌兰乌拉湖水域面积扩张的原因有二：年降水量增加；年平均气温升高导致冻融水量增加。在湖泊主要年补给水量构成中，湖面年降水量、流域年降水径流量、冻融水年补给量分别约占23．3％、43．7％和33．0％。Plateau lakes are extremely sensitive to climate change, and climate change can be truly reflected through the variation of lakes. Based on multi-source and multi-date digital remote sensing images, topograph- ic maps and digital elevation model （DEM） data, the lake boundaries were extracted with geographic informa- tion system and remote sensing technologies. Combined with other related research literatures, the area and boundary variation of Ulan U1 Lake in Hob Xil Region and the correlation between such variations and the natural elements （annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, etc.） were analyzed from 1976 to 2012 in this study, and then the causes for such variations were also discussed through the angle of water balance of the lake. The results showed that Ulan U1 Lake had expanded on the whole during the period from 1976 to 2012, but experienced shrinkage first before the expansion. The lake was in a shrinkage during the period from 1976 to 1994 at a shrinkage rate of 3.12 km2/a, with its area varied from 555.97 km2 in 1976 to 496.50 km2 in 1994. A rapid expansion has started since 1998 with an expansion rate of 10.36 km2/a, and the lake area expanded from 499.83 km2 in 1998 to 655.25 km2 in 2012. In terms of space, the area variation of Ulan U1 Lake was mainly in the southern part where rives flow into the lake. The trends of meteorological factors over the Ulan U1 Lake basin from 1976 to 2012 showed the characteristics of increasing annual average tempera- ture and increasing annual precipitation. There were a positive correlation between the annual mean tempera- ture and the area of the lake. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the area variation of Ulan U1 Lake since 1998 was mainly caused by two factors, one was the increasing annual precipitation, and the other was the ris- ing annual mean temperature, which leaded to the thawing of permafrost, ice and snow. Based on analysis of water balance of the lake, annual precipitation directly falling on lake, annual runoff deriving from the

关 键 词：乌兰乌拉湖 面积变化 气候变化 湖水补给 地理信息系统和遥感技术 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学]