斑茅种质资源的表型性状及遗传多样性  

Phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of Erianthus arundinaceum germplasm

作　　者：徐超华[1,2] 陆鑫[1,2] 马丽[1,2] 刘新龙[1,2] 刘洪博[1,2] 苏火生[1,2] 林秀琴[1,2] 蔡青[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所,云南开远661699 [2]云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,云南开远661699 [3]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第2期117-121,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：农业部作物种质资源保护项目(NB2013–2130135–30);云南省应用基础研究计划重点项目(2006C0013Z);国家甘蔗种质资源平台项目(2012–044);甘蔗抗旱育种技术研究与种质改良项目(2012HA001)

摘　　要：为有效评价和利用斑茅种质资源,挖掘其优良性状,以162份斑茅种质资源(云南74份,福建15份,贵州19份,海南18份,四川14份,江西10份,广东4份,广西4份,浙江4份)为研究材料,对其表型性状及遗传多样性进行研究。表型性状分析结果表明:①斑茅种质资源质量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数整体偏低,其中,福建斑茅的(0.762 4)最高,广西斑茅的(0.294 2)最低;②数量性状的遗传变异较丰富,其中,云南地区的变异系数(32.15%)最大,广西地区的(14.95%)最小;③海拔高度与锤度呈极显著负相关,纬度与株高呈极显著负相关。遗传分化系数和基因流结果显示,斑茅种质资源群体的遗传变异主要来自于采集地内部,群体之间存在较大的基因交流,遗传结构分化不明显。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,各居群间的遗传距离与采集地之间有一定的相关性。In order to utilize and effectively evaluate the Erianthus arundinaceum as well as to develop its elite traits, phenotypic traits and genetic diversity were evaluated based on 5 qualitative traits and 10 quantitative traits from 162 tested samples of Erianthus arundinaceum collected from 9 provinces in China （ they were 74 in Yunnan, 15 in Fujian, 19 in Guizhou, 18 in Hainan, 14 in Sichuan, 10 in Jiangxi, 4 in Guangdong, 4 in Guangxi, 4 in Zhejiang, respectively）. The results showed that： O Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity indices which represented qualitative traits were generally in low as a whole. The accessions from Fujian province exhibited the highest genetic diversity index which was 0.762 4, while those from Guangxi province showed the lowest which was 0.294 2; ① Genetic variances which represented quantitative traits were higher, the mean variation coefficients ranged from 14.95% to 32.15% at the lowest in Guangxi and the highest in Yunnan; ② Brix exhibited negative correlation with elevation and stalk length showed negative correlation with latitude. In addition, results from the analysis of genetic divergence coefficients indicated that a high proportion of total genetic variation was retained within the groups of different sampling regions, and the higher gene flow showed that there were active genetic exchanges among different sampling regions, that is to say there were little significant genetic divergence among these populations. According to genetic distance and UPGMA, there was a certain correlation between genetic distance and different sampling regions of Erianthus arundinaceum.

关 键 词：斑茅 表型性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]