短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率对植物群落特征的影响  

Effect of Different Stocking Rate on Plant Community Characteristics in Stipa breviflora Desert steppe

作　　者：丁海君[1,2] 韩国栋[1] 王忠武[1] 王春霞 张睿洋[1] 胡吉亚 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2014年第2期55-60,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“不同载畜率下短花针茅荒漠草原生态系统碳的积累与转化”(31070413);“长期不同载畜率放牧条件下荒漠草原物种多样性及生产力动态的变化机制”(31260124);中国农业大学、内蒙古农业大学两校合作项目“北方草原和农田生态系统土壤有机碳固持机理研究”(ZN201111);内蒙古自然科学基金“花针茅荒漠草原生态系统放牧稳定性维持机理研究”(2011BS0409);内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2011QNJJM13)

摘　　要：在短花针茅荒漠草原区采用随机区组法设定了3个区组、4个不同载畜率水平,通过连续两年暖季放牧对草原群落特征的影响进行调查分析。主要结果如下:(1)群落现存量、建群种和优势种的高度随着载畜率的增加呈下降趋势,多年生禾草重要值和综合优势比中度放牧区、重度放牧区都显著高于对照区(P<0.05);(2)受持续放牧干扰的影响,多样性指数在2011年、2012年对照区显著高于其他3个处理小区(P<0.05),表明持续放牧会减少群落的物种数,改变群落物种组成;(3)在不同年度之间,轻度放牧区多年生杂类草和一二年生植物在群落中的优势地位明显增加,中度和重度放牧区一二年生植物在群落中的优势地位明显增加。Three blocks and four stocking rates in Stipa breviflora desert steppe were set using ran- domized method in the experiment to investigate the effects of summer grazing on the grassland community characteristics for two consecutive years, the main results were as follows： （1） The height of standing crop, dominant species and constructive species decreased with stocking rate increasing, the perennial grasses important value and SDR2 under middle grazing and heavy grazing were significantly higher than that of CK. （2） Under the influence of continuous grazing disturbance, diversity index in CK was signifi- cantly higher than the other three treatment plot （P〈0.05） in 2011 and 2012, which showed that high stocking rate will reduce the composition of community and species. （3） Perennial grasses and annual and biennials dominant position increased significantly under light grazing, the dominant position of annuals and biennials under middle grazing and heavy grazing increased significantly in the community.

关 键 词：载畜率 短花针茅荒漠草原 植物群落 功能群 多样性指 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]