锡林河流域近30年草原植被格局动态及驱动力分析  

The Changing of Vegetation Pattern and Its Driven Forces of Grassland in Xilin River Basin in Thirty Years

作　　者：韩砚君[1] 牛建明[1,2] 张庆[1] 董建军[1] 张雪峰[1] 康萨如拉[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]中美生态能源及可持续性科学研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2014年第2期70-77,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2012CB722201);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAC07B01);国家自然科学基金(31060320);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助

摘　　要：以内蒙古锡林河流域为对象,利用中分辨率卫星遥感数据,分析1983～2011年研究区域植被空间格局及其动态,探讨植被格局变化的驱动力.结果表明：（1）草原是锡林河流域最主要的植被类型,地带性规律明显,自东南向西北依次分布着草甸草原和典型草原,隐域性沙地植被和湿地草甸分布其中.（2）近30年间,锡林河流域植被面积组成发生了明显的变化：天然草地面积逐渐减少,草原灌丛化趋势加剧,沙地植被和盐碱地分布范围不断扩大.（3）近30年来,研究区域植被景观格局变化显著,破碎化程度加剧,其中中生杂类草草甸草原和羊草草原破碎化尤为突出.（4）锡林河流域草地退化趋势明显,但2000年后趋于减缓.（5）人类干扰是导致锡林河流域植被格局变化的根本原因,“双权一制”制度的实施缓解了区域草地退化趋势.In recent years, the serious problem of grassland ecosystem degradation in the north of Chi- na has aroused extensive attention in domestic and abroad. The study on vegetation patterns and dynamics was an important approach to comprehensively and deeply understand the phenomenon of ecosystem degra- dation, and explore its inherent mechanism. This research was conducted in Xilin River Basin. Based on satellite remote sensing data of medium resolution, the vegetation patterns and dynamics were analyzed from 1983 to 2011. The main objective was to reveal the time-space vegetation pattern change and its driv- ing force. It will help furthermore to get a comprehensive understanding about the problem of grassland degradation. The results showed that. （1） Grassland was the dominant vegetation type, and zonal distri- bution law was： meadow steppe and typical steppe appeared in turn from southeast to northwest. In addi- tion, intrazonal vegetation, such as sand and wetland meadow distributed patchy. （2） In the recent 30 years, the area of natural grassland reduced continuously in Xilin River Basin. The area of shrub grassland was increased. Meanwhile, both desertification and saline land expanded significantly. （3） At the land- scape scale, the degree of fragmentation was more intensified. Medium forbs meadow steppe and Leyrnus chinensis grassland became more fragmental. （4） The grassland in Xilin River Basin was degraded, but the speed became low after 2000. （5） The main reasons why grassland was degraded and vegetation pattern was changed was land use change, livestock production and social economy. The land policy of “two rights and one system” played an active role in relieving degradation of grassland.

关 键 词：植被动态 景观格局 草原 驱动力 锡林河流域 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]