两种有机膦酸铝无卤阻燃TPU的研究  

Study on the Halogen-free Flame Retarded TPUs using Aluminum Phosphinates

作　　者：李红霞[1] 张立群[1] 王炎祥[1] 梁文利[1] 田明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学,北京市新型高分子材料制备与成型加工重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《塑料工业》2014年第4期76-80,115,共6页China Plastics Industry

摘　　要：分别采用两种有机膦酸铝阻燃剂三(二乙基亚膦酸)铝(OP1230)及OP1312[62%三(二乙基亚膦酸)铝+35%三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐+3%硼酸锌]与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)制备了阻燃TPU复合材料。首先通过粒径分析仪和热失重分析仪研究了两种阻燃剂的粒径和热稳定性,进一步通过氧指数测定仪、水平垂直燃烧测试仪、拉力试验机、热失重分析仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了两种阻燃TPU复合材料的阻燃、力学及热稳定性能。结果表明,随着阻燃剂用量的增加,复合材料在燃烧时的熔滴现象明显减少。当OP1230的质量分数为30%时,复合材料阻燃级别达到FV-0等级,氧指数与纯TPU差别很小;当OP1312的质量分数为30%时,复合材料阻燃级别为FV-1等级,氧指数从纯TPU的23%增加到27%。在相同的阻燃剂用量下,添加OP1312的复合材料的力学性能均高于添加OP1230的复合材料。OP1230可有效提高成炭量,炭层致密,阻燃效果好;而OP1312成炭量小,阻燃效果略差。Two kinds of organic aluminum phosphinate flame retardants, the diethylphosphinic acid, aluminium salt （OP1230） and OP1312 （62% diethylphosphinic acid, aluminium salt ＋ 35% melamine polyphosphate ＋ 3% Zinc borate ） were used with thermoplastic polyurethane （TPU） to prepare the flame retardant TPU composite. The particle size and thermal stability of the two flame retardants were studied by the particle size analyzer and thermal gravimetric analyzer, then the flame retardancy, mechanical property and thermal stability for halogen-free flame retarded TPU composite were analyzed by the oxygen index tester, horizontal and vertical burning tester, tensile testing machine, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the droplet phenomenon reduced with the addition of flame retardant. The TPU composite containing 30% of OP1230 could be assigned a FV-O rating and LOI had no change, while OP1312/TPU composite only reached a FV-1 rating and LOI increased from 23% to 27%. The mechanical properties of OP1312 composites were higher than those of OP1230 composites. OP1230 could add the amount of dense char layer and improve flame retardancy. However, OP1312/TPU composite formed little char which had many holes and flame retardancy was less than that of OP1230 system.

关 键 词：热塑性聚氨酯 无卤阻燃 有机膦酸铝 力学性能 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TQ314.248