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作 者:戴应贵[1] 杨跃敏[2] 蔡红霞[2] 曾宗永[2] 罗明澍[2] 梁俊书[2] 宋志明[2]
机构地区:[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,昆明650223 [2]四川大学生物系,成都610064
出 处:《兽类学报》2001年第1期23-34,共12页Acta Theriologica Sinica
基 金:国家自然科学基金资助项目(3880589和39270121)
摘 要:为了研究农田啮齿动物群落的动态规律 ,用标志重捕的方法给出了川西平原农田的啮齿动物群落的物种数、结合种群密度、生物量、物种多样性的Shannon指数与Simpson指数等 5个变量的时间序列资料 ,并分析了这些时间序列的年间变动和季节变动的特点。结果表明 :( 1) 5个变量总是处于不断的变化之中 ,特别是年间交替升降十分明显 ;( 2 )群落的全部 8个物种从未同时出现过 ,同一个月最多有 5个物种 ,最少只有 1个物种 ;( 3) 5个变量季节变动的幅度均较大并各具有 1至 3个不等的明显的峰值 ,而年间变动的幅度则相对较小 ;( 4 ) 5个变量的最大值均出现在夏季 ,最小值则出现在春季、夏季或冬季 ;( 5) 5个变量的季节性均不强 ;( 6)优势种大足鼠 (Rattusnitidus)的种群密度分别与群落结合种群密度、生物量的年间变动和季节变动均具有相似的变动规律 ;此外 ,优势种大足鼠的种群密度、生物量分别占群落结合种群密度、生物量的比例均较高 ,而且这两个比例季节变动的幅度都较大而年间变动则较为稳定。The time series of the 5 variables, including number of species,joint population density, biomass, Shannon index and Simpson index of species diversity of the rodent community, which was composed of 487 individuals of 8 species of 4 genera of Muridae in cropland of the Western Sichuan Plain from 1989 through 1995, are presented for studying the dynamics of the rodent community in the cropland by mark-recapture. Then, both interannual and seasonal fluctuations of the time series of these variables are analyzed and compared. Finally, the dynamics of the rodent community in the 7 years are summarized. The rodent community was concluded as the following: 1)all of the 5 variables fluctuated interannually and seasonally during the 7 years; 2)all of the 8 species of rodents never occurred in the rodent community in the same month, with the maximum of number of species 5 and the minimum 1; 3)the seasonal fluctuations of the 5 variables were greater than their interannual fluctuations, respectively, peaked from 1 to 3 in a year; 4)each of the 5 variables had its maximum only in some summers during the 7 years, but had its minimum in some winters or springs and sometimes even in some summers; 5)none of the 5 variables showed remarkable seasonality; 6)the seasonal fluctuations of the proportions of the population density and biomass of the dominant species(Rattus nitidus) respectively in the joint population density and biomass of the rodent community were greater than its interannual fluctuations, and both the interannual and seasonal fluctuations of the population density of the dominant species(Rattus nitidus) were much similar to those of joint population density and biomass of the rodent community.
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