马尾松林节肢动物群落的组成及多样性  

Composition and diversity of Arthopod community in Masson Pine stands

作　　者：韩宝瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学

出　　处：《生物多样性》2001年第1期62-67,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助! (批准号 396 70 6 15 )

摘　　要：在不采取任何营林和治虫措施的皖南九连山林场马尾松纯林中设林分相似的 2块样地 ,面积均为 2 2m×2 2m。1997年 1月～ 1998年 12月 ,每月 1次垂直分层对两样地节肢动物群落的调查表明 :每样地植食性、捕食性、寄生性昆虫和蜘蛛类群的物种数占该样地总物种数的百分比分别约 5 2 %、14%、8%和 2 0 % ;每样地的益害物种数之比都约为 1 1.2 ;益害个体数之比是 1 5 .7和 1 6 .6 ;相同林间层次的优势目昆虫或优势种蜘蛛相同 ;每样地的物种数量都是以灌木草本层最多 ,依次为乔木层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层。两样地乔木层、灌木草本层、土壤层和枯枝落叶层的节肢动物平均个体数百分率分别为 39.6 %、33 .1%、2 2 .8%和 4.6 %。 3～ 8月物种数和多样性指数较大 ,5、8月为物种数高峰期。主成分分析显示群落的稳定性较差。Arthopod communities in various layers of pine stands were investigated from January 1997 to December 1998 in two sample plots with similar stands and equivalent area (22 m×22 m) and without any sylvicultural and pest-suppressing measures in the Jiulianshan Forest Farm in Southern Anhui Province. In every sample plot the percentages of species number of phytophagous, predatory, and parasitic insects and spiders that accounted for the total species number were about 52%, 14%, 8% and 20%, respectively. The ratio of beneficial to harmful species numbers was around 11.2 in each sample plot; the ratio of beneficial to harmful organism individual numbers was 15.7 and 16.6, respectively . Dominant groups existed in the same layers of the two sampling plots . Species number ranked in the following order: brush and herb layer > tree layer > litter layer > soil layer. Averages of the individual percentage of tree layer, brush and herb layer, litter layer and soil layer in two sample plots were 39.6%, 33.1%, 22.8% and 4.6%, respectively. The species number and index of diversity from March to August were largest, and there were two peaks emerging in May and August, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that recovery-stability of this kinds of community was not strong, and the natural control potential was weak.

关 键 词：马尾松纯林 节肢动物 群落组成 多样性 稳定性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]