河南省小麦和玉米产量及其有关气候因子分析  

Analysis on yield of wheat and maize and related climate factors in Henan Province

作　　者：熊淑萍[1] 卢中民[2] 吴克远 王严峰[1] 王静[1] 马新明[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省滑县农业技术推广中心,河南滑县456400

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2014年第2期123-129,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);河南省现代农业产业体系-小麦产业体系项目(S2010-01-G04)

摘　　要：利用河南省2001—2010年的小麦和玉米产量数据及安阳、许昌、周口、南阳等4个代表河南省不同生态区域的1991—2010年逐日降水、平均气温、日照时数等气象资料,分析了河南省近10 a来小麦玉米产量特点和近20 a来有关的气候变化特征.结果表明,历年来河南省除豫北区域外均表现为小麦产量高于玉米产量,且以豫东南麦玉两熟区产量差距最大;光合生产潜力表现为玉米产量潜力显著大于小麦,且以豫东南区域玉米产量潜力最大;积温随纬度升高,下降显著,其中,豫北区域小麦和玉米季的积温均无法满足晚熟品种的利用,豫东南两季均可完全满足中晚熟品种对积温的需求.日照时数则表现为随纬度升高逐渐升高,除豫北小麦季略有增加外,4个省辖市小麦玉米两季日照时数均呈下降趋势,不利于二者产量潜力的发挥.降雨量表现为小麦季降雨量减少,且4个省辖市雨量均不能满足小麦生长需求,玉米季除豫北外,降雨量呈增加趋势.With the wheat and maize yield data from 2001 to 2010 of Henan Province and the meteoro- logical data from 1991 to 2010 of four cities which represent different ecoregions： Anyang, Xuchang, Zhoukou and Nanyang, the yield characteristics of wheat and maize and the effects of climate change on wheat-maize cropping system was analysised. The results showed that, wheat yields were higher than corn yields except in northern of Henan, and the maximum yield gap between maize and wheat appeared in the southeast of Henan. Photosynthetic production potential of maize yield was significantly greater than that of wheat, and the southeast of Henan had the greatest maize yield potential. The ac- cumulated temperature decreased significantly with latitude increasing. In wheat and maize growing season the accumulated temperature was unable to meet the demand of maturing varieties in northern Henan, and in the southeast of Henan the accumulated temperature could fully meet the demand of me- dium maturity and maturing varieties. Sunshine hours increased gradually with latitude increasing, ex- cept a slight increase in the north in the wheat growing season. The sunshine hours of the four cities declined in wheat and maize growing season, which was not conducive to reach the max yields of wheat and maize. In wheat growing season the rainfall reduced, and the rainfall could not meet the demand ofwheat growing in the four cities. In maize growing season, the rainfall showed an increasing trend ex- cept for the north of Henan.

关 键 词：河南省 区域 麦玉两熟 产量 气候变化 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]