高层建筑火灾中电梯竖井烟气流动特性的模拟研究  

Simulation Study on Smoke Movement Characteristics in Elevator Shaft during High-Rise Building Fire

作　　者：张旭涛[1] 王松岭[1] 赵加宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,河北保定071000 [2]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《建筑科学》2014年第4期92-97,共6页Building Science

基　　金：华北电力大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目"不同通风模式下建筑区域烟控系统和优化研究"(12MS114)

摘　　要：高层建筑中诸多竖井,比如楼梯间、电梯竖井,是建筑火灾中烟气竖向蔓延的主要通道。在烟囱效应的作用下,若高层建筑竖井设计合理,利用电梯竖井进行自然排烟具有一定的可行性。本文利用正交实验的方法对"典型建筑"在"标准火源"条件下的烟气流动特性进行场-网模拟,电梯竖井作为场区域,其它空间作为网络区域,采用CONTAM软件实现了两区域之间的耦合计算。模拟计算得到了竖井顶部开口面积、各楼层送风量、电梯门密封性以及不同着火楼层对电梯竖井内烟气流动的影响。计算结果表明,竖井顶部开口面积对自然排烟量与中和面位置影响程度均最大。The shafts,such as stairwells and elevator shafts,are the major conduits of smoke movements during high-rise building fire.If the shafts of high-rise buildings are reasonably designed,the natural smoke exhaust in the elevator shaft is of certain possibility due to the chimney effect.Using the method of orthogonal experiment,the field-network simulation is conducted in this paper of the smoke movement characteristics of the ‘ typical buildings＇ during the ‘ standard fire＇,where the elevator shaft is regarded as the field region and other spaces as the network region.Coupling calculation of these two regions is made by use of the CONTAM software.The vent size on top of elevator shaft,the air volume of each floor,the airtightness of elevator doors and the impact of different fire floors on smoke movement in elevator shaft,are obtained from the simulation calculation.The results indicate that the top vent size is the most important factor for the neutral plane location and the natural smoke exhaust rate.

关 键 词：电梯竖井 正交实验 自然排烟 场网模拟 

分 类 号：TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU17