林地覆盖经营对雷竹叶片营养质量及食叶害虫适口性的影响  

Effects of mulching management on leaf nutrition quality of Phyllostachys violascens and leaf palatability to leaf-eating insects

作　　者：陈珊[1] 陈双林[1] 郭子武[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第5期1253-1259,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家林业局林业科学技术推广项目([2011]02号);浙江省林业科技推广项目(2011B01);浙江省农业科技成果转化项目(2012T201-03)资助

摘　　要：为揭示冬季地表有机材料覆盖促进竹笋早出的林地覆盖经营措施对雷竹叶片营养质量的影响，并基于叶片的食叶害虫适口性分析林地覆盖经营对雷竹林食叶害虫发生与成灾的影响，探讨了休养式覆盖经营（覆盖3年休养3年）、长期覆盖经营（连续覆盖6年）和不覆盖雷竹林（CK）1～3年生立竹叶片C、N、P、可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉、纤维素、木质素、单宁、草酸和酚酸等含量的差异。结果表明：与不覆盖雷竹林相比，休养武林地覆盖经营雷竹林1～3年生立竹叶片C含量变化不明显，淀粉、纤维素、酚酸含量均显著降低。除上述指标外2、3年生立竹叶片其他指标均显著升高，1年生立竹叶片木质素、草酸含量显著升高；长期覆盖经营雷竹林1、2年生立竹叶片酚酸含量无显著变化，P、草酸、木质素含量显著升高，其他指标均显著降低；3年生立竹叶片P、蔗糖、木质素、草酸、酚酸含量显著升高，其他指标均显著降低；长期林地覆盖经营对雷竹叶片c、N、P养分平衡也产生了明显影响。林地覆盖经营对雷竹叶片的营养质量和食叶害虫适口性产生了较为明显的影响，其中，休养式覆盖经营雷竹林叶片营养质量和防御物质含量提高，叶片的食叶害虫适口性降低，抵御食叶害虫为害能力增强，而长期覆盖经营雷竹林相反，可能更易诱发食叶害虫的发生与成灾。Mulching with organic matters （rice straw and rice hull） in winter is a management technology to promote the early growth of bamboo shoots. To understand the occurrence of leaf- eating insects under the influence of mulching management, the effects of mulching on leaf nutri- tion quality and leaf palatability to the leaf-eating insects were analyzed. The contents of C, N, P, structural carbohydrates, non-structural carbohydrates, chemical defense substances in leaves of 1-3 years old Phyllostachys violascens from bamboo stands with different mulching manage- ments, including the respite-mulching （3-year mulching ＋ 3-year respite）, long-term mulching （consecutive 6-year mulching） and non mulching （CK） were determined. The results showed that, compared with CK, the respite-mulching treatment did not affect C concentration in leaves of 1-3 years old culms, but led to a decline in starch, cellulose and phenolic acids. Other inde- xes of 2 and 3 years old culms and lignin, oxalic acid of 1 year old culms in respite-mulching treatment were higher compared to CK, while no difference was found in other indexes of 1 year old culms. On the other hand, the long-term mulching treatment did not change leaf phenolic acid concentration of 1 and 2 years old culms, but lead to an increase in P, oxalic acid and lig- nin, and a decrease of other indexes. P, sucrose, lignin, oxalic acid, phenolic acid increased, while other indexes of 3 years old cutms decreased in the long-term mulching treatment. Further-more, long-term mulching treatment influenced the nutrient balance of leaf C, N, and P obvious- ly. All results indicated that the mulching management had a significant influence on the leaf nu- trition quality and leaf palatability to leaf-eating insects. Leaf nutrition quality and defense ability were enhanced in the respite-mulching stand while the long-term mulching stand was easier to in- duce the occurrence and outbreak of leaf-eating insects.

关 键 词：雷竹 林地覆盖经营 营养物质 防御物质 食叶害虫 

分 类 号：S795.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]