沈阳市降雨径流污染物排放特征  

Characteristics of pollutants in urban rainfall runoff in Shenyang City

作　　者：李春林[1,2] 刘淼[1] 胡远满[1] 布仁仓[1] 孙凤云[1,2] 宫继萍[1,2] 陈探[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第5期1327-1336,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171155和41371198)资助

摘　　要：城市降雨径流作为污染物迁移转化的主要驱动力,是城市非点源污染研究的热点和重点。本文以沈阳市典型区域为例,研究了坡顶屋面、平顶屋面和路面3种下垫面降雨径流的总悬浮颗粒物(TSS)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)和主要重金属(Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn)共10种污染物的排放特征。结果表明:污染物的浓度峰值提前于径流峰值;路面径流的污染程度重于屋面径流,TN是屋面径流的主要污染物,TSS、TN、TP、Pb和Cr则是路面径流的主要污染物,TSS超过了国家污水二级排放标准,其余污染物均超过了国家V类地表水标准;径流中TSS与除TN以外的其他8种污染物有较强相关性,氮、磷营养元素与降雨量和雨强大小呈显著正相关,COD则易随着降雨时间的延长而逐渐释放到径流中;与其他国家和城市对比发现,沈阳屋面径流中TSS、TN、TP和COD较少,但却有一定的重金属污染;路面径流中TSS和TP浓度较高,但TN和COD浓度较低,且重金属中Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn的污染较严重。Rainfall runoff, the main driving force of pollutant migration, is the hotspot of urban non-point source pollution researches. Shenyang, a typical city of northeast China, was chosen as a case study. Discharge characteristics of ten main pollutants （ TSS, TN, TP, COD, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn） were analyzed in different underlying surfaces, including slope roof runoff, flat roof runoff and road runoff. The study demonstrated that pollutant concentration peaks were earlier than runoff peaks. The pollution level was more serious in the road runoff than in the roof runoff. TN was the main pollutant in the roof runoff. However, TSS, TN, TP, Pb and Cr were main pollutants of the road runoff. The concentrations of all pollutants exceed the V level of Chi- na＇ s national surface water quality standards. There was a correlation between TSS and other 8 pollutants in the runoff except TN. Nutrition elements （ nitrogen and phosphorus） had strong pos- itive correlations with precipitation and rainfall intensity. COD discharged gradually along with the duration of rainfall. Comparing the research with other countries or cities, we found that the pollution of TSS, TN, TP and COD in Shenyang roof runoff was lighter; however, there was heavy metal pollution. The concentrations of TSS, TP and some heavy metal pollutions （Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn） in the road runoff were very high, but the TN and COD concentrations were low.

关 键 词：降雨径流 事件平均浓度 非点源污染 沈阳 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]