特种设备社会风险及可接受准则分析  

Analysis of social risk and acceptable criteria of special equipment

作　　者：段欣[1] 罗云[1] 曾珠[1] 何毅[2] 黄强华[2] 丁克勤[3] 罗伟坚 卜四清 王晓桥 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083 [2]国家质量监督检验检疫总局特种设备安全监察局,北京100088 [3]中国特种设备检测研究院,北京100013 [4]广东省特种设备检测院,广州510655 [5]陕西省锅炉压力容器检验所,西安710048

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第2期102-106,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAK06B06)

摘　　要：以风险分析理论为基础,借鉴国内外高危领域社会风险的研究方法,基于我国特种设备历年的事故统计数据,构建了各类特种设备的社会风险F-N曲线。结果表明,特种设备死亡事故主要为单次死亡3人以下的一般事故,其中承压类设备较机电类设备拥有更低的事故频率和更严重的事故后果,各类设备社会风险由高到低依次为客运索道、起重机械、大型游乐设施、锅炉、场(厂)内专用车辆、电梯、压力管道、压力容器和气瓶。最后,根据我国"十二五"特种设备安全战略规划目标的要求并结合ALARP(As Low As Reasonable Principle)原则,初步提出了我国"十二五"期间各类特种设备的社会风险可接受准则(F-N曲线规律),将特种设备的社会风险水平限定在可接受的范围内。In this paper, we would like to present the research results of the social risk of special equipment according to the methods applied in the research of the social risks in highly risk-prone industries both in China and abroad. As the first step, we have studied the F-N curves of the domestic special equipment based on the risk management theory and the statistics of all kinds of fatal accidents with the special equipment from 2001 to 2010 at home. The curves illustrate the relationship between frequency and consequences of fatal accidents caused by all kinds of special equipment, respectively. They also reflect the social risk rule of special equipment in China over these years. The results of our analysis show that if the death roll involves no more than three people, the accident should be put into the category of ordinary accidents. Major accidents were generally found coming from the pressure equipment, hoisting machinery and the special-purpose vehicles. In comparison with the electromechanical equipment, pressure equipment has lower death possibility, though the consequences are more fatal. In the paper, we have also analyzed the primary risk control measures and ways on how to reduce the accident rate caused by such equipment with the F-N curve. And, in turn, we have built a social risk contrasting figure of all kinds of risk accidents caused by such equipment in correspondence with the accidents statistics and risk criteria. Furthermore, we have worked out the distributional order of the actual risk accidents taking place during the same period of time from high to low, which happen to be： passenger traveling ropeway, hoisting machinery, large amusement facilities, boilers, the special purpose vehicles, elevators, pressure pipes, pressure vessels and cylinders. And, finally, the preliminary work with the social risk acceptable criteria of specialized equipment during the period from 2011 to 2015 we have done can also be shown as in the F-N curves. Combined with the As Low As Reasonable Principle （ALA

关 键 词：安全工程 特种设备 社会风险 可接受准则 

分 类 号：X928.03[环境科学与工程—安全科学]