有色金属矿总回风井含重金属粉尘污染迁移与干预途径研究  

Heavy metal dust pollutant migration in non-ferous metal mines and its intervention ways

作　　者：张蓉[1] 吴超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第2期214-218,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20110162110051)

摘　　要：为了系统分析有色金属矿山总回风井含重金属粉尘污染迁移的影响因素,将含重金属粉尘的迁移媒介划分为大气、土壤和水体三大模块,利用演绎法逐层深入,共分析出78个影响含重金属粉尘迁移的基本因素。采用事故树分析法,将有色金属矿山总回风井含重金属粉尘污染迁移作为顶上事件编制事故树,利用Fault Tree软件进行事故树分析计算,得到了事故树的45个最小径集、6个最小割集和基本事件的结构重要度排序。结果表明,粉尘质量浓度在17个基本事件中重要度最大,总回风井扩散塔尺寸、总回风井扩散塔高度、总回风井扩散塔形状重要度相同且在17个基本事件中重要度最小。最后基于影响因素的分析,提出了控制重金属污染迁移的应对措施。This article is oriented to introduce our fault tree model for analyzing the heavy metal dust pollutant migration in non-ferrous metal mines and its likely intervention ways through the exhaust ventilation shaft. As is known, the exhaust ventilation shaft is often used to let out the mining dust pollutants to facilitate the miners＇ job. However, the dust pollutants contain heavy metal dust and migrate in different ways to the surrounding environment and result in harmful pollutants and bring about detrimental effects on human health and safety. To analyze and ascertain the influential factors of the dust pollutant migration of the heavy metals in non-ferrous metal mines systematically, we have divided the pollutant transfer media into three parts, i.e. the air, the soil and the water. And, the next, we have applied the deductive method to the analysis of the dust pollutants hierarchically with 78 basic elements obtained to analyze the factors affecting the migration of such dusts. Since there were too many basic elements involved, what we can do is just to analyze the most basic elements quantitatively with 17 elements picked up as the study focus. And, then, we have chosen the fault tree method in an attempt to make our analysis results more objective and reliable than those through other methods. And, accordingly, we have selected the fault tree and the migration of heavy metal pollutants brought about by the exhaust ventilation shaft in the non-ferrous metal mine as the top means with the total analysis done at 5 levels. In proceeding with our calculation, we have obtained 45 minimal path sets and 6 minimum cut sets and the sort of structural importance of basic events as our focus of calculation. The structural importance level calculation results have shown that the dust concentrations serve as the most important element of all the calculation events, which were followed by the dust size, the height and the shape of diffusion tower of the exhaust ventilation shaft. And, finally, we have put forward some he

关 键 词：环境工程学 有色金属矿山 总回风井 粉尘 重金属污染 迁移 事故树分析 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]