餐厨垃圾厌氧处置的恶臭污染物分析  

Analysis on Odor Pollutants from Kitchen Garbage

作　　者：卢志强[1] 张涛[1] 王元刚[1] 商细彬[1,2] 张妍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市环境保护科学研究院,天津300191 [2]天津迪兰奥特环保科技开发有限公司,天津300191

出　　处：《城市环境与城市生态》2014年第2期36-39,共4页Urban Environment & Urban Ecology

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201209022)

摘　　要：为研究餐厨垃圾在厌氧消化过程中的恶臭污染物排放特征,采用冷阱富集-GC/MS技术对宁波市某典型餐厨垃圾处置企业的恶臭污染物成分、含量及成分谱进行研究,共检出烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、含氧有机物、硫化物及氨等7类物质,其中含氧有机物是主要成分。检测结果表明,恶臭污染物总浓度水平为高温灭菌装置>油水分离装置>厌氧发酵装置>分选装置>卸料区,高温灭菌装置、分选装置、油水分离装置、厌氧发酵装置的臭气浓度值较高。结合数据分析初步筛选各单元的特征污染物:卸料区、分选装置:乙醇、硫化氢、二甲二硫醚、氨、柠檬烯;高温灭菌和油水分离装置:乙醇、甲硫醇、硫化氢、二甲二硫醚、柠檬烯;厌氧发酵装置:乙醇、硫化氢、二甲二硫醚、对-二乙苯、柠檬烯。To study the garbage, the cold trap contents and the source halogenated hydrocarbol emitting characteristics of odor pollutants during the process of anaerobic digestion in kitchen enrichment- GC/MS technology was used to determine the main composition, the material garbage , oxygenated organic compounds, of treatment facilities in Ningbo. Alkane, olefins, aromatics, sulfides and ammonia etc were tested in the air of the kitchen garbage treatment facilities. Oxygenated organic compounds were the main components. The quantitative detection result showed that the levels of odorant concentrations from the main processing units ranked in the order of temperature sterilization device 〉 oil-water separator 〉 anaerobic fermenter 〉 separation equipment 〉 unloading area. The temperature sterilization device, oil-water separator, separation equipment and anaerobic fermenter showed higher odor concentration than the unloading area. Based on the data analysis, the characteristic pollutants in the facilities were preliminarily identified as ethyl alcohol, sulfureted hydrogen, dimethyldisulfide, ammonia, limonene in the unloading areas and separation equipment; ethyl alcohol, methyl mercaptan, sulfureted hydrogen, dimethyldisulfide, limonene in the temperature sterilization device or oil- water separator; and ethyl alcohol sulfureted hydrogen, dimethyldisulfide,p-diethylbenzene, limonene in the anaerobic fermenter.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 厌氧发酵 恶臭 成分谱 特征污染物 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程]