不同灌溉方式和秸秆还田对水稻生长的影响  

Effect of Wheat Straw Returning under Different Irrigation Methods on Rice Growth

作　　者：张武益[1] 朱利群[1] 王伟[2] 张政文[1] 卞新民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物杂志》2014年第2期113-118,共6页Crops

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑计划"低碳农业生态系统建设关键技术研究"(2010BAK69B17-3);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B12)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究在淹水和干湿交替两种灌溉方式下,秸秆翻耕还田和覆盖还田对水稻生长的影响及其原因。结果表明:淹水灌溉条件下秸秆还田使土壤pH降低,还原性有毒物质累积,降低土壤通气性,导致水稻根系泌氧能力降低,黑化程度增加,同时顶三叶叶面积降低、夹角变大,从而影响水稻生长后期的株高、干物质积累和物质转运;干湿交替灌溉能够有效缓解秸秆还田的负面影响,增加水稻后期干物质积累量和产量;两种灌溉方式下的覆盖还田方式在水稻根系活力、干物质积累量和产量等方面都优于翻耕还田。The harm to rice seedling was observed in straw return, and it was necessary to find out the reason for straw effection on the growth of rice and decrease it. A pot experiment was conducted to study the cause and effect of two irrigation methods （ dry-wet alternate and continuous flooding） with mulching straw or soil-returning straw on rice growth. The results showed that soil pH value with straw return under continuous flooding was significantly decreased and the total amount of reducing matters in soil was significantly higher than that under dry-wet alternate irrigation, resulting in decreasing of soil aeration and increasing of root degree of melanization and decreasing of the ability of root decanting oxygen. Meanwhile, the height, accumulating amount of material, transformation percentage of rice were significantly decreased because of the decreasing area and increasing angle of top three leaves. While under dry-wet alternate irrigation, the negative influence of straw can be reduced effectively, the accumulating amount of material after heading stage and yield of rice were increased. Many indexes such as the rice root activity, accumulating amount of material and yield with mulching straw were better than those of soil-returning straw.

关 键 词：灌溉方式 秸秆还田 水稻 土壤还原性物质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]