植物和微生物修复石油污染土壤的研究进展  

Research Advances in Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil by Plant-Microbial Combined Method

作　　者：汪志荣[1] 马传鑫[1] 李燕妮[1] 朱小燕[1] 王伟荔 王静兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]f天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津300384

出　　处：《土壤》2014年第2期193-203,共11页Soils

基　　金：天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划重点项目(No.11JCZDJC25000)资助

摘　　要：阐述了植物和微生物降解环境中石油污染物及PAHs的重要作用和最新进展。国内外大量实验室研究表明,不同植物和微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌)联合修复石油污染土壤均得到了较为理想的效果,在某种程度上微生物菌群要优于单一菌株;土壤中植物根系与微生物形成根际效应对污染物的降解起到了促进作用;生物表面活性剂较合成表面活性剂具有更好的生态适宜性和石油污染土壤修复能力;土壤中多组分污染物共同修复虽处于起步阶段,其作用机理也有待进一步研究,但是,发展前景值得期待。目前该领域的研究仍存在一些问题有待解决:植物–微生物菌群降解石油污染物过程中,微生物菌群间协同和竞争机制及试验结果的可重复性尚需证实;实验室研究与大田环境条件的差异,使得目前的研究成果尚需田间试验的验证和支持;根据土壤类型和气候特点,研究极端(高含盐量;氮、磷等营养元素缺乏;低温)条件下的石油高效降解菌株/群,制备有效的便于大田应用的固体菌肥意义重大;同时在确定石油污染物对环境致害的限值的基础上,建立石油污染土壤评价体系也势在必行。The importance and recent progresses on the plant-microbial remediation of petroleum contaminants and PAHs in the environment were reviewed. Large numbers of laboratory studies indicated that the joint effect of different groups of plant-microbe （such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes bacteria） in remediation of soil contaminants could be significant, and to some extent microbial flora perform better than a single strain. The rhizosphere formed by root of plant and microbe enhances the degradation rate of contaminants. Meanwhile, biological surfactant is superior to synthetic surfactant in ecological suitability and remediation of soil contaminated. Synchronous remediation of multicomponent pollutants is still in its initial stage, more studies needs to be done in order to understand the mechanism further. However, the technique looks promising. Some related open problems needs special care. In the process of degradation of petroleum contaminants using plant and microbial flora, it is necessary to confirm collaborative and competitive mechanism of microbial flora. The reproducibility of the experimental results needs justification. The results of the laboratory research need to be confirmed and supported by field experiments. It is necessary to find microbial flora or a single strain which can degrade contaminants at high efficiency under the extreme conditions （high salt content, lack of Nand P, low temperature etc） according to different soil types and climatic characteristics. It will also be imperative to establish petroleum pollutant evaluation system for soil, the foundation of which is to identify limit of damage to environment by petroleum pollutant.

关 键 词：植物—微生物 石油 PAHS 生物表面活性剂 根际效应 多组分污染物共同修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]