施肥对河西绿洲制种玉米各器官养分吸收及产量的影响  

Influence of Fertilization on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Seed Corn in Hexi Oasis

作　　者：陈浩[1] 王平[1] 刘淑英[1] 张志功[1] 

机构地区：[1]f甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤》2014年第2期275-280,共6页Soils

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验,研究了氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的配合施用对制种玉米氮、磷、钾的养分含量、吸收状况及产量的影响。结果表明,施肥对制种玉米干生物量的累积有明显的促进作用,增施氮、磷肥有利于提高制种玉米干物质的累积,当氮肥过量时,干生物量反而有所下降。合理配施氮肥、磷肥和钾肥,促进了养分比例的协调供给,明显增加了制种玉米各器官的养分含量、养分吸收量及养分收获指数。合理配施氮、磷肥能使制种玉米具有明显的增产效果。每生产100 kg玉米籽粒,最高产量氮素、磷素、钾素的吸收量分别为N:2.25 kg,P2O5:0.60 kg和K2O:2.40 kg,植株吸收养分适宜比例(N︰P2O5︰K2O)3.73︰1︰3.97。在制种玉米生产中推荐施肥量为N 360 kg/hm2,P2O5 180 kg/hm2,K2O 90 kg/hm2。The matched fertilization of N, P and K that affect seed com＇s nutrient content of N, P and K absorption and output was studied through field experiment. The results showed that fertilization promoted obviously dry biomass accumulation of seed com. Increasing Nand P fertilization could improve the accumulation of dry matter of plants, but the accumulation of dry matter reduced when N was excessive. Reasonable collocation of fertilization of N, P and K promoted the coordinative supply of nutrients proportion and significantly increased nutrient content, nutrient uptake and nutrient harvest index in each organ of seed com. These results provided a solid foundation for increase of maize yield. Reasonable collocation of fertilization of N, P and K can increase seed com＇s production obviously. Yield-increasing effect of P was less obvious than that of N. For every 100 kg production of com seed, the optimal uptake of N, P and K respectively was N： 2.25 kg, P2O5： 0.60 kg and K2O： 2.40 kg, and the recommended fertilization was N 360 kg/hm^2, P2O5 180 kg/hm^2 and K20 90 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：河西绿洲 氮磷钾 制种玉米 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]