工作场所纳米颗粒暴露测量指标适用性研究  

A study on the applicability of measurement indexes for nanoparticles exposure in workplaces

作　　者：邹华[1] 张美辨[1] 邢鸣鸾[1] 周莉芳[1] 诸浩 吴俊导[1] 唐仕川[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310051 [2]北京市劳动保护科学研究所

出　　处：《浙江预防医学》2014年第4期325-329,共5页Zhejiang Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81001242);浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2012KYB050);北京市科学技术研究院科技创新工程项目(PXM2013-178304-000006)

摘　　要：目的研究工作场所纳米颗粒或超细颗粒质量、数量和表面积浓度评价暴露水平的适用性。方法检测纳米Fe2O3、纳米Al2O3、电焊颗粒和柴油尾气的暴露水平,分析其浓度变化倍数、浓度位次、粒径分布及其与3个暴露浓度指标相关性。结果包装岗位纳米Fe2O3和气保焊岗位纳米颗粒数量浓度和表面积浓度变化倍数大于质量浓度变化倍数。纳米Al2O3数量浓度由高到低依次为包装岗位、取样岗位、大气背景和车间控制室,与表面积浓度位次相同,与质量浓度位次不一致。粒径<100 nm的纳米Al2O3颗粒、电焊烟尘分别占总质量浓度54.55%和65.77%,分别小于相似粒径的数量浓度比例。数量浓度与表面积浓度相关系数为0.611(P<0.01),大于质量浓度与数量浓度、质量浓度与表面积浓度的相关系数。结论数量和表面积浓度较质量浓度更准确评估工作场所纳米颗粒暴露水平。Objective To explore the applicability of measurement indexes for nanoparticles or uhrafine particles, including mass concentration （MC）, number concentration （NC） and surface area concentration （SAC）, to evaluate exposure level in workplaces. Methods The exposure level of nano - Fe2 03, nano - Al2 03, welding particles and diesel exhaust in different workplaces were detected, and The change ratio of concentration, exposure rank and size distribution were obtained. The correlation between different exposure metrics served as evaluation indexes was analyzed. Results The change ratios of NC and SAC were greater than MC of nano - Fe203 in the packaging and welding locations. The NC of nano -Al2 03 in the packaging process was highest, followed by sampling process, background particles and control room. The rank of NC for nano -Al203 was consistent with SAC, but not with MC. The MC percentages of nano -A1203 particles and welding fume whose particle size was less than 100 nm were 54. 55% and 65.77% respectively, which was significantly less than NC percentages of similar - size particles. Correlation coefficient was 0. 611 between NC and SAC, which was higher than that between MC and NC （0. 322） or MC and SAC （0. 239） （P 〈0. 01）. Conclusion The exposure metrics of NC and SAC are much more applicable for nanoparticle exposure assessment than MC in workplaces.

关 键 词：纳米颗粒 暴露指标 工作场所 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]