延迟焦化装置弹丸焦形成机理探讨  

A Study on Causes of Formation of Shot Coke in Delayed Coking Units

作　　者：夏树海[1] 龚朝兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中海石油炼化有限责任公司惠州炼化分公司,广东惠州516086

出　　处：《中外能源》2014年第4期80-84,共5页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：关于弹丸焦形成机理的研究,国内外起步都比较晚,目前关于其深层的机理研究并不多。就国内而言,大多来源于炼油企业的生产报道,实验室研究较少,未形成成熟的理论体系。根据弹丸焦的形态及物性,提出了弹丸焦气相成核的动态过程,认为形成弹丸焦的本质原因是塔内气速过大,造成气相中焦粒(或前驱物)浓度过大,且停留时间过长。气相中的焦粒经融合、摩擦等过程后,最终形成弹丸焦。根据此机理,可以很好地统一解释各种影响弹丸焦形成的因素。该理论认为,塔内气速为原料性质、操作条件等因素的综合函数,是弹丸焦形成的关键因素之一。通过该机理,可以很好地解释弹丸焦生成过程中各种现象及其影响因素。塔内气速是弹丸焦生成的一个综合判据,它是原料性质、操作条件的函数。如果能够结合装置工况、原料性质等因素,通过流体动力学计算,拟合出弹丸焦生成的临界气速,可以对装置操作起到实质性的指导作用。The study on how shot coke is generated started only in recent years both within and outside Chi- na.The deep mechanism has not yet been extensively studied.In China,most relevant studies are known from media reports on production of refining enterprises and little laboratory study has been carried out.No mature theoretical system has been developed.Based on the shape and properties of shot coke,this article describes the dynamic process of vapor nucleation of shot coke and concludes that the fundamental cause of formation of shot coke is the high gas velocity inside the coking drum,which will result in high concentration and long residence time of coke particles （or predecessors） in the vapor.The coke particles will eventually form shot coke after blending,friction and other processes.Based on this understanding,various factors affecting the formation of shot coke can be well explained.According to that theory,gas velocity in the coking drum is the function of multiple factors including feedstock properties and operational conditions and is one of the key factors contributing to the formation of shot coke.That mechanism can well explain various phenomena and af- fecting factors regarding the formation of shot coke.Gas velocity in the coking drum is a comprehensive crite- rion for judgment and the function of feedstock properties and operational conditions.Fitting the critical gas velocity with regard to the formation of shot coke through hydrodynamic calculations based on the working conditions of units and feedstock properties will provide a substantial guidance to the operation of the units.

关 键 词：延迟焦化 焦炭塔气速 石油焦 弹丸焦 气相成球 

分 类 号：TE624.32[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]