软性磨粒流超声强化机理及试验研究  

Research on Mechanism of Ultrasound Enhancing and the Experiment Based on Softness Abrasive Flow

作　　者：计时鸣[1] 邱毅[1] 蔡姚杰[1] 谭大鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学特种装备制造与先进加工技术教育部/浙江省重点实验室,杭州310014

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第7期84-93,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375446)

摘　　要：针对固液两相软性磨粒流加工时间长,效率低的缺陷,提出一种软性磨粒流超声强化方法。该方法基于流场的欧拉-欧拉多相流模型和k??双方程湍流模型,将Navier-Stokes方程的声场模型与流场模型进行耦合。利用CFD流体分析软件,在有无加载超声波的两种情况下,对两者流场内的压力、速度及湍动能等相关参数进行对比研究分析,通过流体方程的求解得到流道内磨粒流的压力和速度分布情况。运用canny边缘检测算法对模拟图进行轮廓提取,结合Bwmorph等功能函数对轮廓图降噪去毛刺,得到处理后的数值模拟分析图,在数值模拟的基础上,利用粒子成像测速(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)系统观测流道内的流场变化,同时设计软性磨粒流循环加工系统,搭建其试验平台,对有无加载超声波两种情况下的加工效果进行对比试验。数值模拟和试验结果显示:数值模拟中加载超声波的矩形流道出现了大量速度较小、压力较大的空化区域,不断发展撞击壁面,并且数值模拟结果与PIV试验结论相一致;超声波作用于软性磨粒流,明显缩短了加工时间、提高了加工精度及效率。Aiming to solve the problem of long time processing and inefficient on solid-liquid two phase sofhaess abrasive flow, a new research method of ultrasound-enhanced mechanism is put forward, which is based on the Euler-Euler multiphase flow model and the k-ε two-equations model. The coupling model of sound field and flow field is established. The flow rate, pressure and velocity of softness abrasive flow loaded ultrasonic are analyzed by using CFD. The pressure and velocity distributions of the abrasive flow can be obtained. Canny, an operator is used to find the edge of contour. The spur combined Bwmorph performance fimetion is removed to get the clear edge of numerical simulation figure. The particle image veloeimetry（PIV） using the three dimensional display system is designed to research the changes in the flow. It is found that there are numerous of cavitation bubble growing and hitting the wall continuously, and the resultion of simulation and PIV experiment is matched. The ultrasonic wave on the soft abrasive flow, to some degree, reduces the machining time and raise the machining efficiency.

关 键 词：软性磨粒流 超声波 欧拉模型 空化 数值模拟 轮廓提取 粒子成像测速 加工试验 

分 类 号：O359[理学—流体力学]