模拟降雨条件下赣北地区弃土堆置体侵蚀产沙试验研究  

Study on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield of Spoilbank from Red Clay in Northern Jiangxi

作　　者：王雪松[1] 谢永生[1,2] 田飞[3] 丁亚东[2] 陈曦[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第2期8-14,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201201048;201201047)

摘　　要：以赣北红土为研究对象,在室内模拟我国南方红土地区的开发建设项目弃土堆置体,对不同雨强下,不同堆置形态堆置体的侵蚀产沙过程进行试验研究。研究结果表明:堆置形态对径流率的影响不明显,而砾石含量的增加能够延迟径流率达到稳定的时间;侵蚀速率随降雨历时变化呈现多峰型变化趋势;砾石和坡顶平台有车碾压堆置形态均能使总产沙量进一步增大,堆置形态均为散乱锥状堆置的两种类型,土石比为9∶1的堆置体的产沙量最大可达到纯土堆置体的1.92倍(2.0mm/min降雨强度);当堆置体均为纯土时,坡顶平台有车碾压堆置体的总产沙量最大可达到散乱锥状堆置体的1.50倍(1.5mm/min降雨强度)。各类型弃土堆置体的平均径流率、平均侵蚀速率均与降雨强度存在着显著的线性关系;同时总产沙量与总径流量也存在着显著的线性关系(P<0.05)。The law of soil erosion and sediment yield process of the development construction project of spoil- banks were affected by the gravel content as well as the types of spoilbanks in Northern Jiangxi. The soil erosion and sediment yield process were stimulated in indoor rainfall experimental condition. The results showed that the types of spoilbanks had no significant effect on runoff rate, while the gravel content could delay the time that runoff rate reaches stable. The erosion rate appeared in multimodal distribution with the rainfalls time. Both gravel and the type of rolling compaction by construction machinery at the top of slope increased the total sediment yield a lot. The total sediment yield of the type of scattered cone, which con- tained some gravel （10%）, was 1.92 times higher than that of the type of scattered cone, which contained no gravel, when the rainfall intensity was 90 mm/h. Meanwhile the type of rolling compaction by construction machinery at the top of slope produced 1.5 times of the total sediment yield than the type of scattered cone, when both of them contain no gravel. The average runoff rate and average erosion sediment rate of all types accorded with linear correlation with rainfall intensity significantly. The total sediment yield and runoff vol- ume showed an apparent linear relationship as well.

关 键 词：赣北红土 模拟降雨 径流 降雨强度 侵蚀 产沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S152.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]