北疆棉田不同冬灌方式对土壤水分、盐分和温度分布的影响  

Effects of Winter Irrigation Method on Soil Moisture,Salt and Temperature Distribution in Cotton Fields of North Xinjiang

作　　者：陈小芹[1,2] 王振华[1,2] 何新林[1,2] 李文昊[1,2] 姜国军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第2期132-137,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51369027;U1203682);兵团灌溉试验项目(BS2013-393-27)

摘　　要：为探究北疆棉田不同冬灌方式对土壤水分、盐分和温度的影响,确定适宜北疆棉田的冬灌方式及最优灌水定额,通过大田试验,从土壤水分、盐分、灌溉水综合调控的角度,以非冬灌大田为对照,对棉田进行滴灌和漫灌2种灌水方式下5种灌水定额(1 200,1 800,2 400,3 000,3 600m3/hm2)的冬灌试验,对比分析灌水后0-300cm土层的水分、盐分和温度的动态变化。结果表明,滴灌条件下土壤水分入渗均匀,入渗速度较慢,小定额滴灌在耕作层水分易蒸发,保水效果较差。漫灌时,灌水速度快,入渗不均匀,耕作层易积水,不利于来年耕作。综合考虑不同灌水方式不同灌水定额的盐分淋洗效果,认为大定额滴灌与大定额漫灌均能够起到非常关键的压盐作用,灌水定额3 000m3/hm2的滴灌方式更有益于保水保墒压盐。Field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of winter irrigation method on soil moisture, salt and temperature in cotton field of north Xinjiang, and to find out a suitable winter irrigation method and the best irrigation amount for cotton fields. In the experiment, soil moisture, salt and irrigation water were comprehensively regulated and controlled. Using fields without winter irrigation as control, cot- ton fields were drip irrigated or flood irrigated with 5 levels of irrigation amounts （i. e. 1 200, 1 800, 2 400, 3 000 and 3 600 m3/hm2） in winter. The dynamic changes of water, salt and temperature after irrigation in the 0--300 cm soil layer were compared and analyzed. The results showed that with drip irrigation, water in- filtrated uniformly and slowly into the soil, and when irrigation amount was low, water in the plough layer tended to evaporate readily, resulting in water loss. With flood irrigation, water quickly irrigated, resulting in non-uniform water infiltration and flooding in the plough layer which was not favorable for farming in the next year. Taking together the salt leaching effects of the irrigation methods and irrigation amounts, it was concluded that both drip irrigation with high irrigation amount and flood irrigation with high irrigation amount could play a vital role in salt suppression and an amount of 3 000 m3/hm2 was better in maintaining soil moisture and suppressing salts.

关 键 词：冬灌 水温盐 棉田 灌水定额 滴灌 漫灌 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S152.7[农业科学—农业工程]