控释氮用量及生物炭对玉米产量及土壤生物化学性质的影响  

Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Application Rate and Biochar on Maize Yield and Soil Biochemical Properties

作　　者：冯爱青[1] 张民[1] 路艳艳[1] 杨杰[1] 田晓飞[1] 赵燕汝 

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第2期159-164,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01;2011BAD11B02);国家"948"重点项目(2011-G30);山东省自主创新成果转化重大专项(2012ZHZX1A0408)

摘　　要：为探明控释氮肥、生物炭及秸秆还田对作物产量及土壤的作用,通过玉米盆栽试验研究不同施氮量普通尿素与控释肥、添加生物炭及秸秆还田对玉米产量及土壤性质的影响。研究结果表明:控释肥和秸秆还田能够显著提高玉米产量,推荐施氮量控释肥(100%CRF)、70%推荐施氮量控释肥(70%CRF)和推荐施氮量普通尿素+秸秆还田(100%Urea+S)处理玉米产量比推荐施氮量普通尿素(100%Urea)处理分别提高46.62%,22.12%和27.24%;70%CRF比70%推荐施氮量普通尿素(70%Urea)处理产量提高36.37%;添加生物炭增产不显著,但显著提高土壤pH;控释肥及添加生物炭处理提高土壤氮素有效性;生物炭和秸秆还田提高土壤中有机碳的含量;控释肥和秸秆还田提高土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶活性,添加生物炭提高土壤脲酶活性,抑制土壤脱氢酶和中性磷酸酶活性;所有不同处理间土壤过氧化氢酶活性差异不显著。In order to explore the impact of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, biochar and straw manage- ment on the plant yield and soil, this potted maize experiment was conducted. This experiment researched the influence of common urea and controlled release fertilizer （CRF） applied different nitrogen application rate, biochar amendment and straw management on the maize yield and soil properties. The results indicated that CRF and straw management significantly increased the yield of maize. Compared with common urea ap- plied with 100% recommended N rate, the maize yields of CRF applied with recommended N rate （100% CRF）, CRF applied with 70% recommended N rate （70%CRF） and common urea applied with 100% recom- mended N rate combined and straw （100%Urea-t-S） increased by 46.62% ,22.12% and 27.24%, respective- ly. The maize yield of 70%CRF was increased by 36.37% in comparison to common urea applied with 70% recommended N rate （70%Urea）. Although biochar amendment couldn＇t obviously increase maize yield, it increased the values of soil pH significantly. CRF and biochar application improved the availability of soil ni- trogen. Biochar and straw management enhanced soil organic carbon content. However, CRF and straw ap- plication improved soil dehydrogenase, urease and neutral phosphatase activity. Biochar amendment im- proved urease activity while it inhibited the soil dehydrogenase and neutral phosphatase activity. In addition, there was no significant difference in catalase activity among all the different treatments.

关 键 词：控释肥 生物炭 秸秆还田 土壤氮素 土壤酶活性 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学] S154.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]