控释肥种类及用量对番茄和甜椒穴盘育苗效果的影响  

Effects of Type and Dosage of Controlled Release Fertilizers on Plug Seedlings of Tomato and Sweet Pepper

作　　者：董传迁[1,2] 尹程程[1] 魏珉[1,3] 杨凤娟[1] 史庆华[1,3] 王秀峰[1] 张伟丽 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东济南伟丽种业有限公司,山东济南250100 [3]农业部黄淮海设施农业工程科学观测实验站,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第11期3248-3252,3260,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BADA6B04);山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题(鲁财农指(2010)58号;〔2011〕139号);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-D);山东省自主创新专项(2012CX90103)

摘　　要：[目的]为探明基质中添加控释肥对番茄、甜椒穴盘育苗效果的影响,为控释肥在蔬菜集约化育苗中的应用提供依据。[方法]以番茄和甜椒为试材,以腐熟棉籽壳菇渣+草炭+蛭石1∶1∶1(V/V)为育苗基质,进行不同用量控释尿素、控释复合肥比较试验,观测对幼苗出苗率、壮苗指数和叶绿素含量、净光合速率、根系活力等生长生理指标以及植株养分吸收的影响。[结果]与喷浇营养液、基质中掺施普通化肥相比,添加等量控释复合肥或控释尿素的番茄壮苗指数分别提高2.12%、22.95%和4.47%、25.78%,甜椒壮苗指数分别提高24.78%、24.24%和25.22%、24.68%;控释肥养分用量减少20%,育苗效果仍与喷浇营养液相当,但明显优于掺施普通化肥。[结论]基质中掺混适量控释复合肥或控释尿素对番茄和甜椒的育苗效果优于喷浇营养液或掺混普通化肥。[Objective] To study the effects of adding controlled release compound fertilizer and controlled release urea on seedlings of tomato and sweet pepper,and to provide guidance for application of controlled release fertilizers in intensive seedling production of vegetables.[Method] By using tomato and sweet pepper as experimental materials,and mushroom residue compost,peat and vermiculite at 1∶ 1∶ 1 （V/V） as nursery media,effects of different ratess of controlled release urea and controlled release compound fertilizers were compared on seedling emergence,vigor seedling index,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,root activity and other growth or physiological indicatorsas well as nutrient absorption.[Result] Compared with spraying nutrient solution and adding common chemical fertilizer,addition of full quantity of controlled release compound fertilizer and controlled release urea increased seedling index of tomato by 2.12％,22.95％ and 4.47％,25.78％,respectively,and sweet pepper by 24.78％,24.24％ and 25.22％,24.68％,respectively.The dosage of controlled release fertilizers reduced by 20％.Similar results were found when compared to spraying nutrient solution,but being better than adding common chemical fertilizers.[Conclusion] Applying controlled release fertilizers in seedling media of tomato and sweet pepper produced higher quality seedlings than spraying nutrient solution and adding common chemical fertilizer.

关 键 词：番茄 甜椒 控释肥 穴盘育苗 壮苗指数 

分 类 号：S504.3[农业科学—作物学]