某汽车制造企业油漆涂料接触工人健康状况分析  

Health survey of painting and coating workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou, China

作　　者：黄丽丽[1] 肖吕武[1] 吴琳[1] 周浩[1] 谭夏优[1] 刘移民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院体检中心、广州市医学重点学科职业健康监护科、广州市职业环境与健康效应实验室,510620 [2]510620广州市职业病防治院体检中心,广州市医学重点学科职业健康监护科,广州市职业环境与健康效应实验室 中山大学公共卫生学预防医学系

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2014年第4期271-273,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市医药卫生科技重大项目（2009-ZDa-01）;广州市重大科技计划项目（2010GN-E00221）;广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目;广州市医学重点学科（2013-2015）建设项目

摘　　要：目的 了解汽车制造企业油漆涂料职业接触工人的身体健康状况,分析接触工人健康状况的影响因素,并提出健康干预措施和策略.方法 采用典型抽样的方法选择广州市某大型汽车制造企业,按照是否接触油漆涂料分别选择涂装车间的油漆喷涂工人作为接触组,选择行政、采购、市场部门员工作为对照组,由专职医生对所有研究对象进行身体健康状况检查.结果 接触工人头晕、头痛、牙龈出血、胸闷、皮肤瘙痒症状阳性率明显高于对照组人群,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;接触工人心电图异常率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而暴露工人各类传导阻滞发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P=0.020）;接触工人白细胞总数、红细胞含量以及男性工人血红蛋白含量均低于对照人群,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 汽车制造企业油漆喷涂工人在作业过程中接触的挥发性有机溶剂会对工人的身体健康造成不良影响,应定期体检、加强健康干预,提高健康水平.Objective To investigate the health status of painting and coating workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou,China and analyze the influential factors for the health status of these workers,and to provide health intervention measures and strategies.Methods Typical sampling was used to select an automobile manufacturing enterprise; according to whether the subjects were in contact with paint and coatings,paint spraying workers in the painting workshop were selected as the exposed group,and the staff in the administration,procurement,and marketing departments as the control group.Physical examination was performed by doctors among these subjects.Results The exposed group had significantly higher positive rates of dizziness,headache,bleeding gums,chest tightness,and skin itching than the control group （P〈0.05）.The exposed group had a nonsignificantly higher rate of abnormal ECG than the control group （P〉0.05）,but the exposed group had a significantly higher incidence of various blocks （P=0.020） and significantly lower leukocyte count,erythrocyte count,and male workers＇ hemoglobin level （P〈0.05）,as compared with the control group.Conclusion Volatile organic solvents have adverse effect on the health of paint spraying workers in the automobile manufacturing enterprise,so regular physical examination should be performed to strengthen health interventions and improve health.

关 键 词：油漆涂料 职业暴露 健康 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]