FOB盛行之谜:贸易成本与异质性企业的贸易术语选择  

The FOB Prevalence Puzzle: Trade Costs and the Trade Terms Adoption of Heterogeneous Firms

作　　者：刘晴[1] 龙小娟 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学经济学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]中国工商银行股份有限公司国际结算单证中心,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2014年第3期16-26,37,共12页International Business Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:71103057);教育部人文社科规划基金项目(项目编号:10YJA790252);安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(项目编号:AHSK11-12D242);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(项目编号:2013HGXJ0263)

摘　　要：在《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》规定的11种贸易术语中,企业收汇风险较大的FOB具有最高的使用频率。本文通过拓展现有异质性企业贸易模型,阐述了贸易成本对企业贸易术语选择行为的影响机制。该模型表明,二元经济结构、要素市场不完善和加工贸易居多是导致出口企业倾向于使用FOB成交的主要原因,贸易术语多元化能够通过增加企业出口机会改善社会福利水平,及时调整企业内外销的相对贸易成本对降低出口收汇风险和平衡我国内外需求水平至关重要。As one of the eleven terms in the Incoterms rules, FOB has been used most widely even if it may increase the exporter＇s trade risk. By extending the trade model of the existing heterogeneous firms, the paper states the influencing mechanism that the trade costs exert on the firms＇ choice of trade terms. The model shows that the duality of economy, distortions in the factor market and the prevalence of processing exporter contribute to the prevalence of FOB. The diversification of trade terms can improve the social welfare by enhancing the firms＇ export opportunities. Adjusting the relative trade costs between domestic and foreign markets is of vital importance to reduce the exporter＇s risk and balance the domestic and foreign demands.

关 键 词：异质性企业 贸易成本 

分 类 号：F740.4[经济管理—国际贸易]