水肥减量对日光温室小型西瓜产量品质及土壤水分状况的影响  

Effects of Reducing Water and Fertilizer on Yield,Quality of Mini-watermelon and Soil Moisture in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：罗勤[1] 陈竹君[1,2] 雷金繁 刘亚莉[1] 周建斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]杨凌区农技推广中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第9期48-53,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD15B04);中英农业国际合作资助项目

摘　　要：以温室土壤水分为研究对象，以“千鼎一号”小型西瓜为试材，采用张力计连续监测在3种不同水肥处理（常规水肥、水肥减量20％及40%）下O～20cm和20～50cm温室土壤水分动态变化，及其对小型西瓜养分吸收、产量、品质及灌水利用率等的影响。结果表明：温室小型西瓜整个生育期不同处理土壤水分供应充足，0～50cm土壤相对含水率均在709／6以上，常规和减量20％处理灌水后0～20cm和20～50cm土壤水分均达到或超过田间持水量，说明当地生产中存在植苗和苗期灌水量普遍偏高问题；水肥减量40％的处理灌溉量与土壤有效贮水量损失接近，其灌溉量为西瓜冠层水面蒸发量的41％；随水肥减量小型西瓜养分携出量无差异，产量有增加趋势，水肥减量40％显著提高了西瓜可溶性糖含量，灌水利用率从常规处理的59．8ku／m3提高到82．8kg／m3；依据该试验制定的当地温室早春茬小型西瓜生育期适宜灌溉定额为570m3／hm2。With soil moistune in solar greenhouse as research object, with ＇Qianding No. 1＇ mini-watermelon as material, a field trial was conducted, the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments （CK, Conventional treatment, and two water and fertilizer saving treatments,i, e. ,reducing 20~ and 40~ of water and fertilizer rates in comparison with CK） on nutrient absorption, yield, quality of early spring mini-watermelon, and continuously moisture dynamic changes in 0-20 cm and 20- 50 em soil layers were monitored by tension meter at a solar greenhouse in Yangling, Shaanxi were studied. The results showed that the soil relative water content was above 70 ~ in 0 ~ 50 em soil layer in the different treatments throughout the whole growing period of mini-watermelon,indicating the water supply was adequate. The soil water content in 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm soil layer of conventional and 20% water and fertilizer saving treatments reached or exceeded field capacity in transplanting and seedling stages, indicating the excessive irrigation problems. The irrigation amount of 40% water and fertilizer saving treatment was close to soil available water-storage loss,which was 41% canopy water evaporation of mini-watermelon. Compared to the conventional irrigation, reducing the water and fertilizer rates did not decreased significantly the nutrient uptakes of mini-watermelon among the different treatments, however,it increased the yield of mini-watermelon. 40% water and fertilizer saving treatment increased the soluble sugar content of mini-watermelon,and the irrigation use efficiency increased from 59. 8 kg/ma to 82. 8 kg/m3. The appropriate irrigation quota was 570 ma/hm2 for the local spring mini-watermelon according to this experiment.

关 键 词：日光温室 小型西瓜 土壤水分状况 产量 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]