一起加湿器传播病原微生物引起室内空气污染事件调查  

Investigation on an indoor air pollution incident caused by pathogenic microorganism dispersed in the water fog

作　　者：李博[1] 王欣[1] 杨跃峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市南山区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第9期1719-1721,1725,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查分析一起由加湿器传播病原微生物引起的室内空气污染事件,为今后调查处理此类事件提供经验和依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,结合实验室检测。结果调查发现,所有病例均来自该工厂2层生产车间,发病高峰期在4日13:00-15:00,患者主要症状为发热、头晕、胸闷。进一步调查发现有25名病例集中于车间东边区域,并且此25名病例岗位作业的分布与旁边一台2号加湿器的管道分布一致,且该区域配备的抽风机因故障已停用。2层车间内4台加湿器自2010年11月初始安装至今,从未对进水管道、加湿器水箱等进行过消毒处理。实验室对现场采集的饮用水、加湿器管道水及水箱存水等样品进行了检测,在加湿器水箱存水样中检出铜绿假单胞菌和皮氏罗尔斯顿菌。在病例密集处旁2号加湿器内采集的管道存水和水箱存水的菌落总数分别达到1 400 cfu/ml和450 cfu/ml,显示存水中滋生有大量细菌。结论这是一起由超声波振荡加湿器将水中的病原微生物(主要为铜绿假单胞菌、皮氏罗尔斯顿菌等混杂细菌)通过水雾传播引起公司员工致病的室内空气污染事件。Objective To investigate an indoor air pollution incident caused by humidifier-disseminated pathogenic microorganism, and to provide experiences for future investigation and control of such cases. Methods Retrospective investigation methods were adopted in combination with laboratory measurements. Results The survey found that all the onset cases were in the workshop lo- cated in the second floor of the manufactory. The peak incidence period was 13： 00-15：O0 on 4th March, the main symptoms were fever, dizzy and chest distress. Further investigation confirmed that 25 cases were converging at the eastern side of the workshop. Moreover, the operating sites of the 25 cases were distributed in accordance with the pipeline distribution of a sideward humidifier （Number 2）, which was located in an area equipped with a damaged exhaust blower. The inlet channels and water tanks of the 4 hu- midifiers in the second floor had never been disinfected since its initial installation in November 2010. The water quality of the drinking water, stockpile water in the channel and chamber were detected on the spot, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ralstonia pickettii were indentified in the stockpile water of the humidifier chamber. Large amounts of bacterium were found to be existed in the stockpile water in the channel and chamber No.2 humidifier （1 400cfu/mL and 450cfu/mL for each bacterial）, which was located beside the operation site where the cases converged. Conclusion To sum up, this is an indoor air pollution incident caused by pathogenic microorganism dispersed in the water fog, which is produced by ultrasonic oscillations humidifier.

关 键 词：空气污染 加湿器 公共卫生 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R185[医药卫生—流行病学]