免耕覆盖条件下氮磷配施对旱地小麦氮素积累、分配及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution,Yield of Dryland Wheat under No-tillage and Film Mulching

作　　者：张萌[1] 高志强[1] 李光[1] 赵红梅[1] 任爱霞[1] 孙敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2014年第3期364-371,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24);国家自然科学基金项目(31101112);山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2009037);山西省青年基金项目(2010021028-3)

摘　　要：为给免耕覆盖条件下旱地小麦高产和氮肥管理提供理论依据,通过大田试验研究了150kg·hm-2和180kg·hm-2两种施氮水平下不同氮磷配比(1∶0.5、1∶0.75、1∶1)对旱地小麦植株氮素积累和转运、氮利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明,在1∶0.5和1∶0.75氮磷配比下,增加施氮量可提高小麦开花和成熟期植株氮素积累量、营养器官花前贮存氮素转运量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率,并最终提高产量、籽粒蛋白质含量及氮素收获指数;在氮磷比为1∶1时,增加施氮量则表现出相反的结果。在低氮(150kg·hm-2)条件下,增施磷肥可提高开花期和成熟期地上部氮素积累量、营养器官花前贮存氮素转运量及转运效率,并提高产量、籽粒蛋白质含量、氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素收获指数;高氮(180kg·hm-2)条件下,上述指标则随着施磷量的增加呈先升后降的趋势。总体来看,1∶0.75的氮磷比最有利于小麦植株氮素吸收及营养器官花前贮存氮素向籽粒的转运,并最终获得了最高的籽粒产量、氮肥利用率及氮素收获指数。Order to provide a theoretical basis for high yield and quality fertilization program in dryland wheat, and provide a new way to increase water storage and retention in dryland wheat, field experi- ment was carried out to study the effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on wheat yield and remobilization of nitrogen in dryland of the Wenxi experimental base of Shanxi Agricultural Uni- versity. The results showed that when the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 1 ： 0.5 or 1 ： 0.75, yield and the nitrogen accumulation amount in overground part of wheat at anthesis and mature sta- ges, NTA （ nitrogen translation amount） and NCR（nitrogen contribution rate） before anthesis, ni- trogen translocation of various organs and nitrogen accumulation in grains, protein yield and protein content, and NHI （ N harvest index） all increased along with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, but when the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus came to 1 ：1, all indicators above reduced along with the in- crease of nitrogen fertilizer. When nitrogen rate was 150 kg · hm 2, yield, remobilization of nitrogen pre-anthesis stored, protein yield and protein contem, REN （recovery efficiency of applied N） and NPFP （N partial factor productivity）, and NHI all increased with the ratio of Phosphorus increased. When nitrogen rate was 180 kg ~ hm 2, yield, remobilization of nitrogen pre-anthesis stored, NTA and NCR before anthesis, REN and NPFP, and NHI all increase at first and then decrease with the ratio of phosphorus increased, which indicated that overuse of high nitrogen fertilizer was not condu- cive to wheat growth and nitrogen uptake. Therefore in order tO get high yield and quality, a reasona- ble proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus should be choosen. Tosum up, subsoiling after rain in leis- ure period and using reasonable proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers could increase the uptake and accumulation of plant nitrogen, and was conducive to the transfer of nitrogen pre-anthesis stored to t

关 键 词：旱地小麦 氮磷配施 氮素积累和转运 氮素利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311