寒地水稻对不同栽培方式干物质形成的响应  

Response of Rice( Oryza sativa L. ) in Cold Regions to Dry Matter Formation in Different Culture Models

作　　者：黄晓群[1] 赵海新[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第12期3524-3529,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关计划项目(GA09B102)

摘　　要：[目的]比较分析黑龙江省近年来出现的两段育苗、大棚育苗及直播3种生产方式对水稻（Oryza sativaL.）产量和于物质形成的影响,探讨黑龙江省第三积温带不同育苗方式与创建高产的关系.[方法]对空育131进行大棚软盘育苗和水稻直播研究;对龙粳21进行大棚软盘育苗、两段育苗以及水稻直播研究;对龙交04-192、龙稻5号进行大棚软盘育苗、两段育苗研究;对松粳9号进行两段育苗研究.棚育苗采用30 cm×15 cm规格,每穴3～4株苗,4月22日播种;两段育苗采用30 cm×20 cm规格,每钵2株苗,3月28日播种,4月22日于育苗大棚内移入钵盘;直播采用条播方式进行,播量为150 kg/hm2,5月25日播种.[结果]两段育苗齐穗期最早,生育期具有先发优势,同时能提高穗颖花量;直播生产齐穗期最晚,但能提高单位面积收获穗数;大棚育苗能够提高结实率和千粒重,产量相对其他两种生产方式最高.直播生产方式下穗及地上干物质的主要分布区间较大棚育苗窄,但是叶干物质主要分布区间较大棚育苗宽.直播、大棚育苗、两段育苗稳干重主要分布区间依次增加.[结论]该研究可为黑龙江省第三积温带水稻高产栽培提供参考.[ Objective ] To compare the influence of 3 production modes （two-segment culture, greenhouse culture, and direct sowing） on the yield and dry matter formation of rice, and explore the relationship between different seedling culture models and high yield in the third temper- ature accumulation zone. [ Method] Study greenhouse disk culture and direct sowing of Kongyu 131, greenhouse disk culture, two-segment culture and direct sowing of Longjing 21, greenhouse disk culture and two-segment culture of Longjiao 04-192 and Longdao 5, two-segment culture of Songjing 9. For greenhouse culture, choose 30 cm × 15 cm, 3 -4 plants per hole, sowing on April 22 ; for two-segment culture, 30 cm× 20 cm, 2 plants per pot, sowing on May 28, transplanting into disks on April 22 ; for direct sowing, sowing 150 kg/hm2 in strips on May 25. [ Result] Two-segment culture has the earliest fuU heading, and higher flower quantity per spike; direct sowing has the latest full heading, but higher spike quantity per unit area; greenhouse disk culture has higher maturing rate and thousand-kernel weight, and higher yield. Distri- bution of spike and aboveground dry matters is narrower in direct sowing than in greenhouse culture, but distribution of leaf dry matter wider than the latter. Spike dry weight distribution increases from direct sowing, to greenhouse culture, and two-segment culture. [ Conclusion] The research provides references for the high-yield rice cultivation in the third temperature accumulation zone in Heilongiiang.

关 键 词：水稻 两段育苗 棚育苗 直播 产量 干物质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]