蒙古家马和蒙古野马mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及母系起源分析  

Analysis of genetic diversity and maternal origin of the mtDNA D- loop region of Mongolian horses and Mongolian wild horses

作　　者：海棠[1] 黄金龙[1] 赵一萍[1] 韩海格 萨茹拉[1] 芒来[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014年第5期68-70,共3页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家科技部国际合作与交流专项项目(2012DFB300 70);农业部公益性行业科研专项项目(201003075);内蒙古自治区科技厅重大项目(20091404);内蒙古农业大学2009年度科技创新团队支持计划项目(NDTD2010-12)

摘　　要：为了对马线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D—loop区序列的遗传变异进行分析，探讨蒙古家马、蒙古野马和驴之间的亲缘关系和遗传多样性，试验对各类马样本mtDNAD—loop区序列进行PCR扩增和测序，运用分子生物学软件进行数据处理。结果表明：共检测到5个单倍型，各类马单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别介于0．400～1．000和0．00925～0．02890之间，说明蒙古家马有较高的遗传多样性，而蒙古野马单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性最小，蒙古野马多态程度较低。根据D—loop区序列构建的NJ树发现，蒙古家马和蒙古野马有较近的亲缘关系，而且蒙古家马均匀地分散在各个分支中，说明蒙古家马有丰富的母系起源。To analyze the genetic variation of the horse mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） D -loop region sequence, and investigate the genetic rela- tionship and genetic diversity among Mongolian horses, Mongolian wild horses and donkeys, The mtDNA D - loop sequences of all samples were amplified by PCR and sequenced for data processing using molecular biology software. The result showed that five haplotypes were detected, the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity for various horses were 0. 400 to 1. 000 and 0. 009 25 to 0. 028 90, respectively, which indicated Mongolian horses had a higher genetic diversity, while the lowest haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were found in the Mongolian wild horses, showing the lower degree of polymorphism in the Mongolian wild horses. By the constructed Neighbor -joining （NJ） tree based on the mtDNA D ~ loop region sequence, it was found that Mongolian horse and Mongolian wild horse had close genetic relationship, and Mongolian horses were uniformly dispersed in each branch, which indicated that Mongolian horses had abundant maternal origins.

关 键 词：蒙古家马 蒙古野马 线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D--loop区 遗传多样性 母系起源 

分 类 号：S821.81[农业科学—畜牧学] Q311[农业科学—畜牧兽医]