辽河流域(吉林省部分)畜禽养殖污染负荷及环境效应  

Pollution Loads and Environmental Effects of Livestock and Poultry Breeding of Liao River Basin in Jilin Province

作　　者：郭瑞敏[1] 花修艺[1] 梁大鹏[1] 郭志勇[1] 马继力[2] 董德明[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地下水资源与环境教育部重点实验室,水资源与水环境吉林省重点实验室,环境与资源学院,长春130012 [2]吉林省环境科学研究院,长春130021

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2014年第11期91-95,共5页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家"水体污染控制与治理"科技重大专项(2012ZX07202-009)资助

摘　　要：为了防治辽河流域(吉林省部分)的畜禽养殖对环境的污染,有必要先确定流域的畜禽养殖污染负荷及其环境效应。利用排泄系数法的原理,估算了该流域各县、市的畜禽养殖污染物(包括COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷)的产生量、排放量和入河量,核算出了农田畜禽粪便负荷量、氮和磷的养分平衡率。结果表明:在4种污染物中,COD的产生量、排放量、入河量所占比例均最大,其次是总氮,再次是总磷,氨氮所占比例最小。流域农田的畜禽粪便负荷量的平均值达52.7 t·hm-2·a-1,其中伊通县的农田畜禽粪便负荷量最高,达到了污染的程度。流域中双辽市、公主岭市和伊通县的氮养分平衡率和磷养分平衡率都大于1。因此,辽河流域(吉林省部分)的畜禽养殖已对环境产生一定危害,并存在明显的环境风险,尤以公主岭市、双辽市和伊通县更为突出。In order to prevent and control the livestock and poultry pollution to the environment of Liao River Basin in Jilin Province, it is necessary to comprehend its pollution loads and environmental effects. Based on feces discharge rates, livestock and poultry pollution （COD, NH3-N, TN and TP） input loads, export loads and delivered-to-rivers loads of different cities and counties were estimated, and then the feces pollution loads and nitrogen and phosphorus balance rates were calculated. Results of the research revealed that COD accounted for the largest proportion of pollution loads, followed by TN, TP and NH3-N. The average feces pollution loads in the basin reached 52.7 t ·hm2 · a-1, and the loads of Yitong were typically higher. Nitrogen and phosphorus balance rates in Shuangliao, Gongzhuling and Yitong were greater than 1. especially in Gongzhuling, Shuanzliao and Yitong. had posed Livestock and poultry breeding in Liao River Basin, a risk to the environment.

关 键 词：畜禽养殖污染污 染负荷 平衡率 辽河流域(吉林省部分) 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]