干旱胁迫下小麦抗旱能力与其根系特征间的关系  

Relationship between drought resistance and root characteristics of wheat under drought stress

作　　者：唐玉婧 马猛[1] 邓西平[1] 唐春强[1] 邓荣[1] 杨淑慎[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期48-54,60,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271625)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同基因型小麦抗旱能力的遗传差异与其根系特征间的关系。【方法】采用-1.0MPa PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,测定抗旱型小麦长武134和干旱敏感型品种郑引1号在干旱胁迫下根系的含水量、相对含水量、水分饱和亏、根体积、可溶性蛋白含量、膜透性等生理指标,比较2个品种的根系对干旱胁迫的生理学响应;并通过观察样品根系组织的石蜡切片,分析在受到胁迫后根系解剖结构的变化。【结果】与郑引1号相比,在受到干旱胁迫时,随着胁迫时间的延长,长武134根系的含水量、相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量和根体积等指标下降更缓慢,水分饱和亏和膜透性上升缓慢,总体表现出更强的抗旱性。根系组织石蜡切片观察表明,长武134出现了根部导管直径减小以及根内皮层增厚等有利于植物适应干旱胁迫的现象,且这些变化较郑引1号更为明显。【结论】受干旱胁迫后,抗旱小麦根系的生理指标及形态结构的特征,是植物抗旱生理基础和形态基础的反映。【Objective】This study aimed to discover the relationship between drought tolerance and root growth of wheat with different genotypes.【Method】Two wheat varieties Changwu 134 and Zhengyin 1 were treated with -1.0 MPa PEG-6000 as simulated drought stress.The physiological conditions of root under drought stress were evaluated by comparing their root water content,relative water content,water saturation deficit,root volume,soluble protein content and membrane permeability.The root morphological changes after drought stress were analyzed by observing the roots paraffin samples under microscope.【Result】Changwu 134 showed a stronger drought resistance than Zhengyin 1.With the drought stress,the root water content,relative water content,soluble protein content and root volume of wheat Changwu 134 decreased more slowly,while the water saturation deficit and membrane permeability of Changwu 134 increased more slowly compared to Zhengyin 1.A catheter diameter reduction and an inner cortex thickening conducive to plant adaptation to drought stress were observed in roots paraffin of Changwu 134,while Zhengyin 1 had less morphological changes in root.【Conclusion】With the drought stress,the drought resistant wheat differed in physiological and morphological characteristics of root from nondrought resistant wheat,reflecting the physiological and morphological basis required by plant drought resistance.

关 键 词：小麦 PEG胁迫 抗旱能力 根系特征 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]