不同类型甜菜育种材料配合力的测定及优良授粉系的筛选  

Combining Ability Determination on Different Beet Breeding Materials and Selection of Good Pollination Lines

作　　者：李彦丽[1,2,3] 马亚怀[1,2,3] 柏章才[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省普通高等学校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室/黑龙江大学农作物研究院,哈尔滨150080 [2]中国农业科学院甜菜研究所,哈尔滨150080 [3]中国农业科学院北方糖料作物资源与利用重点开放实验室,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国糖料》2014年第3期5-8,共4页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-210101)

摘　　要：为了测定甜菜育种材料的配合力,筛选优良授粉系,2004—2012年,采用不完全双列杂交法,利用37个甜菜雄性不育系,对13个自育常规二倍体品系、7个二倍体人工杂交后代材料、6个二倍体远缘杂交材料、9个引进二倍体材料及22个四倍体材料进行了一般配合力(GCA)的初步测定,并进行了授粉系的筛选。结果表明:不同类型的甜菜育种材料,其杂交组合的产质量和一般配合力表现也不尽相同。二倍体引进材料,杂交组合丰产性好,含糖偏低,根产量的一般配合力较为突出,是丰产型品种选育的优良授粉系;二倍体远缘杂交后代材料,杂交组合丰产性好,含糖较高,含糖率的一般配合力较为突出,是丰产偏高糖型品种选育的优良授粉系;二倍体人工杂交后代材料,杂交组合丰产性好,含糖高,既具有较好的根产量配合力,又具有较好的含糖率配合力,是标准型品种选育的优良授粉系;自育常规二倍体材料,杂交组合丰产性较好,含糖较高,根产量的一般配合力较好,也是标准型品种选育的优良授粉系;四倍体材料,杂交组合丰产性差,含糖偏低,根产量和含糖率配合力均较差。二倍体材料的根产量配合力和含糖率配合力都优于四倍体材料。根据配合力的测定结果,筛选出T34、T33、T29、J02×101/5-1、J01×94211-1、S05×T35-1、97135 I、S02 I、J02×101/5-6十三个优良授粉系,它们根产量配合力突出,含糖率配合力好,在甜菜雄不育杂交育种过程中,可以作为骨干授粉系加以利用。From the years of 2004 to 2012, the general combining ability of beet cross combinations from 37 male sterility lines and 57 different breeding materials types （including 13 self-fertile conventional diploid lines, 7 artificial hybridization diploid materials, 6 distant hybridization diploid materials, 9 introduced diploid materials, and 22 tetraploid materials） by incomplete diallel cross method were determined to select excellent pollination lines. The results showed that either the root yield and quality or general combining ability of different beet materials were different. The cross combinations of introduced diploid materials were characterized by high root yield, low sugar content, and superior general combining ability of root yield, and they be could use as good pollination lines to breed high root yield varieties. The cross combinations of distant hybridization diploids were characterized by high root yield, high sugar content, and superior general combining ability of sugar content as good pollination lines of both high root yield and sugar content. The cross combinations of artificial hybridization diploids were characterized by high root yield, high sugar content, and superior general combining ability of both root yield and sugar content as good normalized pollination lines. The cross combinations of self-fertile conventional diploids were characterized by high root yield, high sugar content, and superior general combining ability of root yield as good normalized pollination lines. But the cross combinations of tetraploids were characterized by low root yield, lower sugar content, and inferior general combining ability of both root yield and sugar content as pollination lines. The combining ability of both root yield and sugar content of all diploids were superior to that of tetraploids. Nine excellent beet pollination lines （T34, T33, T29, J02×101/5-1, J01×94211-1, S05×T35-1, 97135 1, S02 I and J02×101/5-6） were screened on the basis of the cross experiments, and they were characterize

关 键 词：甜菜 育种材料 配合力 授粉系 

分 类 号：S566.303[农业科学—作物学]