《兰亭集序》再议  

Rethinking the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion

作　　者：祝总斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年第4期74-87,共14页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：前人怀疑《兰亭集序》者,或以为从文章到书法都是伪造的,或以为此伪作乃出自陈僧智永之手。鉴于东晋南朝历史文化条件,本文则以为这些看法值得商榷。自来皆肯定传世今本《集序》书法水平极高,"章法为古今第一",是"神品",而据唐人书品论,智永书法虽善,乃指其隶书(正书)、草书,其行书水平则稍差,与王羲之相距甚远,这就意味智永绝对无法伪造出这一"神品"来。而且鉴于当时琅琊王氏礼教家风,智永的"末裔"身份也决定他不大可能违反孝道,去伪造远祖文章、墨迹;史载《集序》墨迹的存在在唐代以前几乎是不为人知晓的,因而纵使撇开智永,假定当时另有一造假足以乱真的无名顶级书法高手,在南朝社会风气影响下,为了获取经济或政治利益而伪造王羲之墨迹,则此伪造目的必然决定他选择目标乃是易于出手,为人们熟知、欣羡的王氏墨迹名作,而不会去找一当时毫无名气、很可能无人问津的《集序》去伪造;这些表明,唐代以前没有伪造《集序》的条件,不存在伪造《集序》这一问题,由唐代流传至今的今本《集序》当是真品。Scholars who question the authenticity of the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion either believe that the content and calligraphy are fabrication or attribute it to Monk Zhiyong of the Chen dynasty. The current author does not agree with them. According to comments by Tang scholars, Zhiyong as a calligrapher was best at official and cursive scripts and the quality of his calligraphy in running script can not be compared with that of Wang Xizhi. Therefore, it is impossible that Zhiyong had fabricated Wang＇s masterpiece. In addition, it is unlikely that Zhiyong, as a distant descendent of Wang, would go against his family traditions to counterfeit ancestor＇s work. Historical records suggest that the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion had remained unknown until the Tang dynasty. Therefore, during the Southern Dynasties, if someone intended to make a forgery of Wang Xizhi＇s work for economic or political interests, the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion, which had not yet been widely acclaimed then, would not be taken into consideration. Due to these reasons, the current author argues that the surviving Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion is a real work by Wang Xizhi.

关 键 词：行书 依托 钟繇书法 书品 

分 类 号：J292.1[艺术—美术]