物理损伤——纳米毒性的根源（英文）  

Physical damage-the origin of nanotoxicity

作　　者：梅兴国[1] 杨臻博[1] 李明媛[1] 谢向阳[1] 高广宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2014年第2期154-160,共7页Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

摘　　要：尽管针对纳米毒性已经进行大量的研究分析,但纳米材料产生毒性的机制仍然未被系统的阐明。本文依据生物学、化学与物理学原理以及大量实验研究数据资料,基于纳米毒性的特点并且从新的视角来审视纳米毒性产生的机制。首先指出纳米毒理学目前面临的3个困惑:(1)纳米毒性评价缺乏明确的剂量与毒性的相关性,对同一种纳米粒的毒性评价难以重现;(2)尺寸效应导致毒性的观点证据不足;(3)由不同材料制成的、不同尺度的纳米粒会产生具有相同的基于氧化应激性反应的毒性效应。然后,从生物体的结构与功能特点出发,阐述了生物体是由大大小小的各种生物分子构成的分子建筑工程,是一类特殊的物质结构形式。生物体内的所有物质交换、能量传递以及新陈代谢过程都是基于分子水平的相互作用和转化来实现的。另一方面,不可生物降解的纳米微粒属于非法进入生物体的外源物,不能被合法转运或参与代谢。因此,纳米粒在体内基于物理粒子的特性与生物系统发生相互作用,或聚集堵塞微循环、或破坏性穿越细胞膜及嵌入生物大分子空穴等引起生物结构破坏,进而引发急慢性炎症和功能异常。由纳米粒引起的物理损伤可以分为三类:黏附、膜损坏以及大分子卡钳。并对纳米粒的成分、形状及大小等因素对毒性作用的影响进行了分析。综上所述,提出物理损伤是纳米毒性根源的新观点。Despite tre mendous research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of nanoparticles （NPs）biohazard,the potential mechanism for nanotoxicity has not yet been syste mati-cal y elucidated.This review intends to point out the confusions about nanotoxicity in the field and tries to look into the mecha-nism from a new perspective.Currently,there are three puzzles：① no relationship between dose and toxicity could be observed in nanotoxicity;②there is a theory for the″size effects″,however, it cannot explain some cases contrary to the doctrine;③ NPs made of different materials with various sizes could have the same toxic effects through sti mulating oxidative stress.In fact, human body is co mposed of various biological molecules,and the biological function of a living syste m is reflected by the inter-actions and conversions of those molecules.NPs,on the other hand,are the invader of human body which has no ability to transport or convert or digest the foreigner.Thus,NPs could cause celldamage due to the physical blockage of micro-circula-tion,celldestruction due to membrane rando m insertion,and celldysfunction due to physical contacting with big biological mole-cules.The physical damages caused by various NPs could be divided into three categories：adhesion lesion,card inlay and puncture.Above al ,by analyzing wide spectrum of NPs varying in co mposition,shape and size,the author draws a conclusion that physical damage is the origin of nanotoxicity.

关 键 词：物理损伤 纳米毒性 纳米材料 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]