大青沟自然保护区主要森林群落优势种的种群结构与动态  

Population Structure and Dynamics of Dominant Species of Main Forest Community in Daqinggou Nature Reserves

作　　者：刘贵峰[1] 程伟燕[1] 刘玉平[1] 张淑娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2014年第4期843-850,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260108);内蒙古自治区高等学校科研项目(NJZY11203)

摘　　要：选择大青沟国家级自然保护区的水曲柳群落、蒙古栎群落和大果榆群落进行野外群落学调查,采用空间代替时间的方法,以种群径级结构代替年龄结构编制了优势种水曲柳种群、蒙古栎种群和大果榆种群的静态生命表,绘制其存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线和危险率函数曲线,分析种群数量动态变化。结果表明:(1)水曲柳和蒙古栎的存活曲线为DeeveyⅡ型,表明其种群目前总体上正处于一种动态稳定状态;大果榆的存活曲线为DeeveyⅢ型,表明大果榆幼体死亡率高,以后的死亡率低而稳定。(2)水曲柳种群死亡高峰除了在第Ⅰ龄级较高外,基本呈随龄级增加死亡率增大的趋势;蒙古栎种群的死亡高峰出现在幼年阶段和老年阶段;大果榆种群有两个死亡高峰,一个出现在第Ⅰ龄级,一个出现在第Ⅵ龄级。(3)种群生存分析表明,3个种群的生存率单调下降,累计死亡率单调上升,水曲柳和蒙古栎种群危险率函数随着龄级的增加而不断增大,大果榆种群具有前期锐减、中期稳定和后期衰退的特点。The community of Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus mongolica, and Ulmus macrocarpa were m- vestigated to reveal the quantitative dynamics of population. The static life tables were made,and the sur- vival curve,mortality rate curve,killing power curve,and hazard rate function curve by using the age class structure represented by DBH class. The results showed that：（1）The survival curve of F. mandshurica and Q. rnongolica population could be generally summarized as the type of Deevey [[ , suggesting stable popula- tion dynamics. The survival curve o{ U. rnacrocarpa population could be generally summarized as the type o~ Deevey III ,indicating the high mortality rate of young trees,then the low mortality rate. （2）The mortali- ty peaks of F. rnandshurica was higher in the I age class,then increased with the age increasing. The mor- tality peaks of Q. mongolica mainly were in young and old-age. The mortality peaks of U. macrocarpa was higher in the I and VI age class. （3）The survival analysis showed that the three population mortality rate was increasing all along,while the survival rate was decreasing all the time. The hazard rate function curve was increasing with the growth of age class of F. mandshurica and Q. mongolica. The survival functional curve showed that the individual number of the population of U. macrocarpa decreased rapidly in early age period,was stable in middle age period,and declined in old age period.

关 键 词：大青沟自然保护区 群落类型 种群结构 种群动态 

分 类 号：Q948.154[生物学—植物学]