寒冷地区奶牛场太阳能热水工程和电热水槽应用效果的研究  

Application of Solar Warm-Water Project and Electric Heating Water Troughs in Dairy Cow Farms in Cold Region

作　　者：李欣[1] 邢启明[1] 齐贺[1] 栾冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2014年第3期38-42,共5页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD12B05)

摘　　要：为了解决寒冷地区泌乳牛冬季饮用热水的问题,设计并制作了奶牛场太阳能热水工程。采用太阳能热水工程和电热水槽为泌乳牛提供热水,通过对泌乳牛饮用冷水和热水时生产性能和经济效益的比较,探讨寒区冬季为泌乳牛提供热水的适宜方式。结果表明,泌乳牛群呈现出集中式饮水,泌乳牛舍内的供水系统应该在短时间内能够提供大量的热水;太阳能热水工程能够满足泌乳牛舍大量、集中供应热水的需求,可用于寒冷地区的规模化奶牛场;电热水槽可以保证水槽不结冰,但保证不了泌乳牛饮用到适宜的热水;在舍外气温-25.3℃、舍内气温-2^-3℃的条件下,太阳能热水工程可提供14.6℃的饮用水,可提高产奶量2.6kg/头/d,可增加效益9.0元/头/d,电热水槽可提供7.9℃的饮用水,可提高产奶量1.3kg/头/d,可增加效益3.55元/头/d。In order to provide warm drinking water for dairy cows reared in cold regions in winter, a so- lar warm-water project for dairy farms was designed and manufactured. Warm drinking water was provided for dairy cows by this project as well as electric heating water troughs. Discussions of appropriate ways of giving warm water for dairy cows in cold regions in winter were made by comparing the different perform- ance and economic profits of dairy cows drinking cold water and dairy cows drinking warm water. Results showed that rush hours for water drinking of dairy cows were before and after eating, as well as before and after milking, and water systems inside dairy cows＇ barns should supply a large amount of warm water in short time. Solar warm-water project could meet the demands of such amount of warm water needed in limited time for dairy cows barns, and could be applied for dairy farms in cold regions. Although electronic heating water troughs may ensure that water＇s temperature is above the freezing point, water was colder than optimum drinking water of dairy cows. With an outdoor temperature of --25.3℃ and an indoor tem- perature of --2--3 ℃, solar warm-water project was able to supply drinking water with a temperature of 14.6 ℃, which can increase milk yield by 2.6 kg per cow daily, and also earn 9.0 more RMB per cow dai- ly. Electric heating water troughs could contain drinking water with a temperature of 7.9 ℃, increasing milk yield by 1.3 kg per cow daily and earning 3.55 more RMB per cow daily.

关 键 词：寒区 饮水温度 泌乳牛 太阳能热水工程 电热水槽 

分 类 号：S811.6[农业科学—畜牧学]