除草剂影响下南方双季稻田冬季杂草群落调查分析  

Investigation of winter weed community in double rice cropping paddy applied by herbicides

作　　者：谭乾开 黎华寿[2] 林洁 

机构地区：[1]恩平市植物保护站,广东恩平529400 [2]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第8期107-115,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30870413)

摘　　要：为了明确不同除草剂对稻田冬季杂草群落演替的影响,对双季稻千亩高产示范片内的冬闲田、田埂、冬种马铃薯田等3种典型田块的主要杂草群落进行了动态调查,共调查样地10个,采集杂草植株10 586株,杂草分属为18科,50种,其中未鉴定种4种。结果表明:在不同除草剂影响下,冬闲田、田埂、冬种马铃薯田地块间的杂草生物多样性指标均有显著差异,其中,冬种马铃薯田样地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Pielou均匀性指数(J)、Simpson优势度指数(C)最高,密度-类群指数(DG)则以田埂样地最大,冬闲田与田埂、冬种马铃薯的Sorenson相似性系数(S1)大于50%,相似性较高,而样地的Whittaker相似性系数(S2)相对较低。10个双季稻千亩高产示范片内的杂草群落重建后的优势种类是牛繁缕(Malachium aquaticum(L.)Fries)、扁蓄(Polygonum aviculare L)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis Sobol),并形成依次为"石竹科+蓼科+禾本科"的演替模式,1年生易除杂草群落逐渐演替为多年生恶性杂草。In order to identify the impact of different herbicides on the shift of weed community, the main weed community of the rice-rice-winter follow field （WF）, rice-rice-potato （RRP） and rice-rice-field ridge （FR） in the high yield demonstration area of double rice cropping in Enping City, Guangdong was surveyed from November of 2011 to March of 2012. The results showed that there were 10 586 weed plants, including 18 families, 50 species and 4 unknown species collected in 10 sampling plots. The biodiversity index of weeds in RRP, WF and FR had significant difference（P〈0.05） under the influence of different herbicides. The indexes of diversity（H）, evenness（J） and dominance（C） of weeds in RRP were the highest. The destiny-group （DG） index of weeds in WF was the highest. To the Sorenson＇s similarity index（Si）, all those three weeds plots of the RRP, WF and FR were greater than 50%. However, the Whittaker＇s similarity index（S2） was relatively low. Besides, the dominant species weed in those communities after the reconstruction from double rice cropping were Malachium aquaticum （L.） Fries, Polygonum aviculare L, Cynodon dactylon and Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. They developed a succession pattern of ＂caryophyllaceae＋ polygonaceae＋ gramineae＂. The results showed that the dominant weed species were gradually succeeded from annual less-damage weeds to the perennial virulent weeds. It was clear that tillage method and herbicide could affect the weed composition, diversity and stability significantly.

关 键 词：双季稻田 杂草 优势种 群落演替 稻田冬种 

分 类 号：S451.0[农业科学—植物保护]