不同施氮水平对冬小麦群体性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Group Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：魏素君[1] 刘全清[2] 张宏彦[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051 [3]中国农业大学曲周实验站,河北曲周057250

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2014年第2期32-35,共4页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省重大技术创新项目(12220201Z);中国农业大学硕士研究生实践研究项目(2013);邯郸市重点项目(1122101047)

摘　　要：为了明确冬小麦生产上合理的施氮量，2012～2013年在河北省南部曲周县白寨乡北油村某农户地块，进行了不同施氮水平对冬小麦群体性状及产量的影响试验。试验设施氮量0（ CK ）、120、180、240和300 kg/hm2计5个处理，其中50％作底肥、50％在拔节期追施，测定了不同施氮量处理的冬小麦生育期群体数量、植株性状、产量及产量构成因素，并进行了施氮量与产量和产量构成因素之间的相关分析。结果表明：不同施氮量处理的小麦成穗率无显著性差异，施氮量为180～240 kg/hm2时可满足构建合理群体的需要；随着施氮量的增加，小麦单位面积成穗数呈先增加后减少趋势，千粒重呈先降低后增加趋势，但穗粒数无明显变化，最终产量呈先提高后降低趋势。本研究条件下，施氮量与产量的关系式方程为y＝-0.0268x2＋9.0371x ＋6114.7，施氮量对产量呈报酬递减型，当施氮量为168.6 kg/hm2时产量达到最高，此时小麦产量为6876.5 kg/hm2。In order to clarify the reasonable amount of nitrogen in the production of winter wheat , one-year different nitrogen levels farm experiment from 2012 to 2013 was conducted in Quzhou Country which is in the southern of Hebei Province to study the number of groups, yield and yield components factors at the growth period of winter wheat, then conducted a correlation analysis between nitrogen amount and yield and its factors , there were five nitrogen amount treatments including 0 （ CK） , 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg/hm2 , and 50% of them as base fertilizer, anather 50% was applied at jointing.The results showed that there were no significant difference on wheat spike rate between different nitrogen treatment, the nitrogen amount of 180-240 kg/hm2 could construct a reasonable group.With the increase of nitrogen, wheat spike rate per area was increased first and then decreased, 1000-grain weight was decreased first and then increased, but the number of grains per spike had no obvious change, finally, the yield was increased first and then decreased.Under the conditions of this study, the relation equation between nitrogen application amount and yield was y =-0.026 8x2 ＋9.037 1x ＋6 114.7, when the nitrogen amount was 168.6 kg/hm2 , the wheat yield reached the highest 6 876.5 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：小麦 施氮量 群体密度 产量 产量构成 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]